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More About This Title Sustainable Renovation: Strategies for CommercialBuilding Systems and Envelope
English
This forward-looking and insightful guide explores how the sustainable renovation of existing buildings presents great opportunities for initiating extensive changes in the performance of the built environment. Great examples of existing building upgrades are examined, illustrating how to do sustainable renovations, along with current design approaches for radically improving the functionality of existing prewar, postwar, and late modern buildings. Sustainable Renovation saves its key focus for institutional and commercial buildings, but discusses the challenges they pose within a global scope that encompasses all building practices. Some of the discussions in this book include:
The significance of energy and resource demands by the building sector and the urgency of reducing loads in existing buildings
Management, design, and construction approaches to achieve major modernization in occupied buildings
International case studies that focus on methods and benefits of successful sustainable transformations of existing building performance
Repurposing buildings to preserve style and add performance remains a work in progress as designers and builders discover new methods for improving sustainable practices and standards. With incremental modernization and operations strategies available for immediate implementation, this book demonstrates the different ways of thinking necessary when considering and attempting the integration of sustainable concepts into existing buildings—and enables readers to rethink the world that's built around them.
English
Chris Duncan, AIA, LEED-AP, has two decades of experience and is a principal and senior staff manager at Gelfand Partners Architects. Duncan has managed project teams through all phases of design and construction. He has special expertise in educational and residential design, particularly the modernization of early twentieth-century buildings. He is also involved in a variety of community and professional service projects.
English
PREFACE xi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Sustainability Defi ned 1
The Urgency of Sustainability in Buildings 4
The Importance of Existing Buildings 6
Renovation Contrasted with Replacement 8
Facility Management and Incremental
Renovation 9
The Benefi ts of Sustainable Renovation 10
Health and Comfort 10
Economic Returns 12
Reduction of Climate Change Impact 14
CHAPTER 2
WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN 17
Introduction 17
Existing Building Context 19
Climate and Function 19
Building Energy Simulation Models 22
Testing and Benchmarking Performance 22
Understanding Existing Building Strategies 29
Daylight 32
Ventilation 35
Permanent Materials 36
Building Envelope 38
Building Systems 39
Modern Building Code Implications 40
CHAPTER 3
FACILITY MANAGEMENT UPGRADES 49
Introduction 49
Immediate Improvement 51
Behaviors 51
Testing and Analyzing Performance 52
Retrocommissioning 55
Lighting 56
Plug Loads 59
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning 60
Water Use 62
Beyond Energy—Green Operations and
Maintenance 62
Indoor Environmental Quality 63
Regional Issues 65
Putting Your Program Together 65
CHAPTER 4
BUILDING ENVELOPE REDESIGN 77
Introduction 77
Air Infi ltration Losses 78
Insulation Strategies 78
Cold Climate 79
Humid Middle Latitude Climate 81
Hot Humid Climate 82
Hot Dry Climate 83
Continental Climate 83
Pre-War Buildings 84
Thermal Mass and Climate Zones 84
Masonry Wall Design 85
Window Replacement and Shading 86
Roof Structure and Insulation 88
Roofi ng 89
Mid-Century Modern Buildings 92
Curtain Wall Replacement, Modifi cation, and
Shading 92
Insulation Options 93
Window Replacement 95
Roofi ng 95
Late Modern Buildings 96
Introducing Daylight 96
Correcting Roof Structures and Slope 98
Insulation Options 99
Window Replacement 100
Roofi ng 101
CHAPTER 5
BUILDING SYSTEMS REPLACEMENT 109
Building System Needs 109
Thermal Comfort 110
Water Use 112
Light 112
Building Controls and Environmental
Responsiveness 114
Pre-War Buildings 114
Renovation or Replacement of Steam and
Hydronic Systems 115
Improving Ventilation and Fire Safety 117
Restoring or Improving Daylighting 118
Water Saving Strategies 118
Electric Power and Controls Replacement 120
Mid-Century Modern Buildings 120
Renovation or Replacement of Hydronic
Systems 120
Creating New Passive Ventilation Options 122
Improving or Replacing Forced Air Heating,
Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning 122
Restoring or Improving Daylighting 124
Water-Saving Strategies 124
Electric Power and Controls Replacement 126
Late Modern Buildings 127
Strategies for Deep Floor Plates 127
Creating New Passive Ventilation Options 128
Improving or Replacing Forced Air Heating,
Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning 130
Restoring or Improving Daylighting 130
Water-Saving Strategies 132
Electric Power and Controls Replacement 133
Systems Replacement Summary 133
CHAPTER 6
BUILDING MATERIALS 141
Environmentally Benefi cial Products 141
Rating Systems and Lifecycle Assessment 142
LCA Tools 145
Recycling, Salvage, and Reuse 146
Resource Effi ciency 149
Reduction in Operational Energy and Waste 150
Low-Emitting Materials 151
“Natural” Materials 152
Concrete and Stone 152
Metals 152
Wood 153
Carpet 155
Resilient Flooring 155
Wall Finishes 156
Pre-War Buildings 157
Salvage of Masonry and Finishes 157
Strategies for Obsolete Plaster and Partition
Systems 159
Mid-Century Modern Buildings 162
Disassembly Options 162
Late Modern Buildings 163
Hazardous Material Issues163
Disposal Reduction 164
CHAPTER 7
CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS 173
Introduction 173
Initial Construction Activities 174
Assembling the Team 174
Exploratory Demolition and Investigations 176
Demolition Documents versus Site
Discussions 177
Hazardous Materials Abatement 178
Construction Debris 185
Occupied Rehabs 186
Relocation 186
Phasing 187
Separation and Noise 189
Notifi cation 189
Elevators 189
Commissioning 191
CHAPTER 8
HIGH PERFORMANCE RENOVATION 201
Transformation 201
Renovation versus Transformation 201
Change of Use 202
Additions and Deletions 205
Preservation of Signifi cant Historic
Characteristics 207
Retrofi tting Active Energy Systems 208
Combined Heat and Power 209
Solar Heating and Power 211
Wind Power 216
Geothermal Heat Exchange 218
Waste Water Strategies 219
Graywater Recirculation 220
Reuse of Building System Wate 221r
Living Machine Waste Water Treatment 221
Passive House (Passivhaus) Design and
Existing Buildings 222
Passive Solar Design 223
Superinsulation 224
Sealing the Envelope 226
Introducing Fresh Air—Heat and Energy
Exchange 227
CHAPTER 9
THE FUTURE OF RENOVATION 239
Introduction 239
Energy Conservation and Building Lifecycle
Strategy 241
Low and No Cost Strategies 241
2025 Improvements 243
2040 Improvements 245
Building Integrated Power Generation 246
Deconstruction 248
Conclusion 250
INDEX 265
