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More About This Title Toward More Sustainable Infrastructure: Project Evaluation for Planners and Engineers
English
Toward More Sustainable Infrastructure: Project Evaluation for Planners and Engineers provides readers a framework for understanding and evaluating infrastructure projects to improve their performance and sustainability, taking into account not only the financial and economic issues, but also the social and environmental impacts that affect the sustainability of infrastructure.
Based on a course designed developed by the author over ten years at M.I.T., this text demonstrates how to apply the basic methods of engineering economics in evaluating major infrastructure projects and also demonstrates how these same techniques can be useful with many routine business and personal decisions. It introduces students to project management, system performance, concepts of sustainability, methods of engineering economics, and provides numerous case studies, examples, and exercises based upon real world problems.
This text fills a void in the education of many planners and engineering students, namely an understanding of why major infrastructure projects are undertaken, how they are structured and evaluated, and how they are financed. Toward More Sustainable Infrastructure: Project Evaluation for Planners and Engineers prepares readers to evaluate projects based upon an appreciation of the needs of society, the potential for sustainable development, and recognition of the problems that may result from poorly conceived or poorly implemented projects and programs.
English
Carl D. Martland is a transportation consultant and a research affiliate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has taught undergraduate and graduate classes on project evaluation, transportation systems, and freight transportation management. His research has addressed many aspects of rail systems performance, including life-cycle costing for track, technology assessment, equipment utilization, operations planning, terminal design, and service reliability. As a consultant, he has worked with all the major railroads in North America; numerous local, state, and federal agencies; the World Bank; and railroads and transportation agencies in a dozen countries in Europe, Asia and South America. The author of seven award-winning papers, he was honored in 1998 as the recipient of the "Outstanding Researcher Award" from the Transportation Research Forum in recognition of his lifetime contributions to transportation research.
English
Preface.
Chapter 1 Introduction.
1.1 Toward More Sustainable Infrastructure: Better Projects and Better Programs.
1.2 Infrastructure Projects and Programs.
1.3 Evaluating Infrastructure Projects.
1.4 Infrastructure, Cities, and Civilization.
1.5 Overview of Project Evaluation.
1.6 Structure of the Textbook.
PART I BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE TO SERVE THE NEEDS OF SOCIETY.
Chapter 2 System Performance.
2.1 Introduction to Performance of Infrastructure-Based Systems.
2.2 System Cost.
2.3 Profitability, Break-Even Volume, and Return on Investment.
2.4 Service.
2.5 Capacity.
2.6 Safety, Security, and Risk.
2.7 Cost Effectiveness.
2.8 Developing Cost and Revenue Functions for a 19th-Century Canal.
2.9 Summary.
Chapter 3 Basic Economic Concepts.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Supply and Demand.
3.3 Pricing.
3.4 Productivity.
3.5 Measuring and Improving the Economy.
3.6 Trade.
3.7 Making Decisions.
3.8 Summary.
Chapter 4 Public Perspective: Economic, Environmental, and Social Concerns.
4.1 General Overview.
4.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis.
4.3 Economic Impacts: Measures Related to the Regional or National Economy.
4.4 Environmental Impacts.
4.5 Social Impacts.
4.6 Summary.
Chapter 5 Comparing Strategies for Improving System Performance.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Presenting All Results in Monetary Terms.
5.3 Net Present Value: Comparing Current and Future Costs and Benefits.
5.4 Measuring Cost Effectiveness.
5.5 Using Weighting Schemes in Multi-Criteria Decision Making.
5.6 Seeking Public Input.
5.7 Summary.
Chapter 6 The Panama Canal.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Early Routes Across the Isthmus.
6.3 The Panama Railroad.
6.4 The French Effort.
6.5 The U.S. Effort.
6.6 The Panama Canal in the 21st Century.
PART II COMPARING ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL IMPACTS OVER THE LIFE OF PROPOSED PROJECTS.
Chapter 7 Equivalence of Cash Flows.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Time Value of Money.
7.3 Equivalence Relationships.
7.4 Continuous Compounding: Nominal versus Effective Interest Rates.
7.5 Financing Mechanisms.
7.6 The Use of Equivalence in Costing.
7.7 Case Study: Building an Office Tower in Manhattan.
7.8 Summary.
Chapter 8 Choosing A Discount Rate.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Related Financial Concepts.
8.3 Factors Affecting the Discount Rate.
8.4 Choosing a Discount Rate: Examples.
8.5 Dividing Up the Cash Flows of a Major Project.
8.6 Summary.
Chapter 9 Financial Assessment.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Maximizing Net Present Value.
9.3 Importance of the Project Life.
9.4 Does Discounting Ignore Future Catastrophes?
9.5 Internal Rate of Return.
9.6 External Rate of Return.
9.7 Constant Dollar versus Current Dollar Analysis.
9.8 Choosing among Independent Investment Options.
9.9 Choosing among Mutually Exclusive Projects.
9.10 Dealing with Unequal Lives of Competing Projects.
9.11 Splitting a Project into Pieces for Different Parties.
9.12 Summary.
Chapter 10 Rules of the Game: Taxes, Depreciation, and Regulation.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Depreciation and Taxes.
10.3 Land Use Regulations.
10.4 Building Codes and Other Safety Standards.
10.5 Environmental Regulations and Restrictions.
10.6 Summary.
PART III DEVELOPING PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS TO DEAL WITH PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES.
Chapter 11 Developing a Strategy to Deal with a Problem.
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Identifying Needs and Objectives.
11.3 Identifying Alternatives.
11.4 Dealing with Uncertainty When Assessing Alternatives.
11.5 Evaluating the Alternatives.
11.6 Pearl River Delta Case Study.
11.7 Summary.
Chapter 12 Public-Private Partnerships.
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Principles of Public-Private Partnerships.
12.3 Creating a Framework for a Partnership.
12.4 Determining How Much to Invest.
12.5 Complementary Strengths of Public and Private Partners: Tempe Town Lake.
12.6 Public and Private Benefits: The Sheffield Flyover, Kansas City, Missouri.
12.7 Maximize Ability to Undertake Projects: Toronto’s Highway 407.
12.8 Public Investment to Stimulate the Economy: Province of Newfoundland and Labrador's Investment in Offshore Oil Exploration.
12.9 Summary.
Chapter 13 Dealing with Risks and Uncertainties.
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Modeling Performance: Simulation and Analytical Models.
13.3 How Best to Improve System Safety: Probabilistic Risk Assessment.
13.4 Performance-Based Technology Scanning.
13.5 Summary.
Chapter 14 Managing Projects and Programs.
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Stages in Project Management.
14.3 Project Management Techniques.
14.4 Organizational Structure.
14.5 Managing Very Large Projects.
14.6 The Big Dig: Managing a Very Large, Politically Charged Project.
14.7 Managing Programs.
14.8 The Interstate Highway System.
14.9 Summary.
Chapter 15 Toward More Sustainable Infrastructure.
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Stages in the Evolution of Infrastructure-Based Systems.
15.3 Skyscrapers and Building Booms.
15.4 Case Study: Evolution of the U.S. Rail System.
15.5 Twenty-First-Century Challenges: Sustainable Infrastructure.
15.6 Upgrading Infrastructure: A Costing Framework.
15.7 Summary.
Chapter 16 Final Thoughts and Further Reading.
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Key Lessons in Part I: Building Infrastructure to Serve the Needs of Society.
16.3 Key Lessons for Part II: Comparing Economic and Financial Impacts over the Life of Proposed Projects.
16.4 Key Lessons for Part III: Developing Projects and Programs to Deal with Problems and Opportunities.
16.5 Further Reading.
Appendix A Equivalence Tables.
Appendix B Equivalence Relationships for Uniform Gradients and Geometric Sequences.
B.1 The Role of Equivalence Factors in Evaluating Infrastructure Proposals: Review.
B.2 Additional Equivalence Relationships: Uniform Gradients and Geometric Sequences.
B.3 Spreadsheets versus Tables.
Credits.
Index.
