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More About This Title Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement, Third Edition
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Incorporating modern ideas, methods, and philosophies of quality management, Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement, Third Edition presents a quantitative approach to management-oriented techniques and enforces the integration of statistical concepts into quality assurance methods. Utilizing a sound theoretical foundation and illustrating procedural techniques through real-world examples, this timely new edition bridges the gap between statistical quality control and quality management.
The book promotes a unique "do it right the first time" approach and focuses on the use of experimental design concepts as well as the Taguchi method for creating product/process designs that successfully incorporate customer needs, improve lead time, and reduce costs. Further management-oriented topics of discussion include total quality management; quality function deployment; activity-basedcosting; balanced scorecard; benchmarking; failure mode and effects criticality analysis; quality auditing; vendor selection and certification; and the Six Sigma quality philosophy.
The Third Edition also features:
Presentation of acceptance sampling and reliability principles
Coverage of ISO 9000 standards
Profiles of past Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award winners, which illustrate examples of best business practices
Strong emphasis on process control and identification of remedial actions
Integration of service sector examples
The implementation of MINITAB software in applications found throughout the book as well as in the additional data sets that are available via the related Web site
New and revised exercises at the end of most chapters
Complete with discussion questions and a summary of key terms in each chapter, Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement, Third Edition is an ideal book for courses in management, technology, and engineering at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It also serves as a valuable reference for practitioners and professionals who would like to extend their knowledge of the subject.
English
English
PART I PHILOSOPHY AND FUNDAMENTALS 1
1 Introduction to Quality Control and the Total Quality System 3
1-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 3
1-2 Evolution of Quality Control, 4
1-3 Quality, 7
1-4 Quality Control, 11
1-5 Quality Assurance, 13
1-6 Quality Circles and Quality Improvement Teams, 14
1-7 Customer Needs and Market Share, 15
1-8 Benefits of Quality Control and the Total Quality System, 16
1-9 Quality and Reliability, 17
1-10 Quality Improvement, 18
1-11 Product and Service Costing, 19
1-12 Quality Costs, 22
1-13 Measuring Quality Costs, 26
1-14 Management of Quality, 30
1-15 Quality and Productivity, 33
1-16 Total Quality Environmental Management, 36
1-17 Profile of a Company: The Bama Companies, Inc., 37
2 Some Philosophies and Their Impact on Quality 47
2-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 47
2-2 Service Industries and Their Characteristics, 48
2-3 Model for Service Quality, 53
2-4 W. Edwards Deming’s Philosophy, 56
2-5 Philip B. Crosby’s Philosophy, 75
2-6 Joseph M. Juran’s Philosophy, 78
2-7 The Three Philosophies Compared, 82
3 Quality Management: Practices, Tools, and Standards 93
3-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 93
3-2 Management Practices, 94
3-3 Quality Function Deployment, 103
3-4 Benchmarking and Performance Evaluation, 110
3-5 Tools for Continuous Quality Improvement, 120
3-6 International Standards ISO 9000 and
3-7 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 135
PART II STATISTICAL FOUNDATIONS AND METHODS OF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 147
4 Fundamentals of Statistical Concepts and Techniques in Quality Control and Improvement 149
4-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 149
4-2 Population and Sample, 150
4-3 Parameter and Statistic, 150
4-4 Probability, 150
4-5 Descriptive Statistics: Describing Product or Process Characteristics, 156
4-6 Probability Distributions, 173
4-7 Inferential Statistics: Drawing Conclusions on
5 Data Analyses and Sampling 229
5-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 229
5-2 Empirical Distribution Plots, 229
5-3 Randomness of a Sequence, 234
5-4 Validating Distributional Assumptions, 236
5-5 Transformations to Achieve Normality, 239
5-6 Analysis of Count Data, 244
5-7 Concepts in Sampling, 247
PART III STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL 263
6 Statistical Process Control Using Control Charts 265
6-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 265
6-2 Causes of Variation, 267
6-3 Statistical Basis for Control Charts, 267
6-4 Selection of Rational Samples, 279
6-5 Analysis of Patterns in Control Charts, 280
6-6 Maintenance of Control Charts, 284
7 Control Charts for Variables 289
7-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 289
7-2 Selection of Characteristics for Investigation, 290
7-3 Preliminary Decisions, 292
7-4 Control Charts for the Mean and Range, 293
7-5 Control Charts for the Mean and Standard Deviation, 310
7-6 Control Charts for Individual Units, 315
7-7 Control Charts for Short Production Runs, 318
7-8 Other Control Charts, 321
7-9 Multivariate Control Charts, 343
8 Control Charts for Attributes 369
8-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 369
8-2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Attribute Charts, 370
8-3 Preliminary Decisions, 371
8-4 Chart for Proportion Nonconforming: p-Chart, 372
8-5 Chart for Number of Nonconforming Items: np-Chart, 384
8-6 Chart for the Number of Nonconformities: c-Chart, 387
8-7 Chart for Number of Nonconformities Per Unit: u-Chart, 390
8-8 Chart for Demerits Per Unit: U-Chart, 393
8-9 Charts for Highly Conforming Processes, 396
8-10 Operating Characteristic Curves for Attribute Control Charts, 400
9 Process Capability Analysis 415
9-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 415
9-2 Specification Limits and Control Limits, 416
9-3 Process Capability Analysis, 417
9-4 Natural Tolerance Limits, 419
9-5 Specifications and Process Capability, 420
9-6 Process Capability Indices, 423
9-7 Process Capability Analysis Procedures, 441
9-8 Capability Analysis for Nonnormal Distributions, 443
9-9 Setting Tolerances on Assemblies and Components, 445
9-10 Estimating Statistical Tolerance Limits of a Process, 453
PART IV ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING 465
10 Acceptance Sampling Plans for Attributes and Variables 467
10-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 467
10-2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling, 468
10-3 Producer and Consumer Risks, 468
10-4 Operating Characteristic Curve, 469
10-5 Types of Sampling Plans, 473
10-6 Evaluating Sampling Plans, 475
10-7 Bayes’ Rule and Decision Making Based on Samples, 480
10-8 Lot-by-Lot Attribute Sampling Plans, 483
10-9 Other Attribute Sampling Plans, 501
10-10 Deming’s kp Rule, 504
10-11 Sampling Plans for Variables, 507
10-12 Variable Sampling Plans for a Process Parameter, 508
10-13 Variable Sampling Plans for Estimating the Lot Proportion
PART V PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN 527
11 Reliability 529
11-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 529
11-2 Reliability, 529
11-3 Life-Cycle Curve and Probability Distributions in Modeling Reliability, 530
11-4 System Reliability, 534
11-5 Operating Characteristic Curves, 542
11-6 Reliability and Life Testing Plans, 544
12 Experimental Design and the Taguchi Method 559
12-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives, 559
12-2 Experimental Design Fundamentals, 560
12-3 Some Experimental Designs, 565
12-4 Factorial Experiments, 585
12-5 The Taguchi Method, 613
12-6 The Taguchi Philosophy, 614
12-7 Loss Functions, 617
12-8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Performance Measures, 624
12-9 Critique of S/N Ratios, 627
12-10 Experimental Design in the Taguchi Method, 628
12-11 Parameter Design in the Taguchi Method, 644
12-12 Critique of Experimental Design and the Taguchi Method, 648
Appendixes 665
A-1 Cumulative Binomial Distribution, 665
A-2 Cumulative Poisson Distribution, 670
A-3 Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution, 672
A-4 Values of t for a Specified Right-Tail Area, 675
A-5 Chi-Squared Values for a Specified Right-Tail Area, 677
A-6 Values of F for a Specified Right-Tail Area, 679
A-7 Factors for Computing Center line and Three-Sigma Control Limits, 685
A-8 Uniform Random Numbers, 686
Index 687
