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More About This Title Building Codes for Existing and Historic Buildings
English
Learn to apply the International Building Code and International Existing Building Code to historic buildings
Written for architects, engineers, preservation, and code enforcement professionals, this is the only comprehensive book that examines how the International Building Code (IBC) and the International Existing Building Code (IEBC) can be applied to historic and existing buildings. For ease of use, the book is organized to parallel the structure of the IEBC itself, and the approach is cumulative, with the objective of promoting an understanding of the art of applying building regulations to the environment of existing buildings.
Building Codes for Existing and Historic Buildings begins with a discussion of the history of building regulations in the United States and the events and conditions that created them. Next, it provides thorough coverage of:
The rationale behind code provisions and historic preservation principles
Major building code requirements: occupancy and use, types of construction, and heights and areas
Building performance characteristics: fire and life safety, structural safety, health and hygiene, accident prevention, accessibility, and energy conservation
Case study projects that reinforce the material covered
Additionally, the book includes building analysis worksheets—both blank and filled-in versions with examples—that illustrate how to develop a code approach for an individual building. If you are a professional at any level who is working on creating a plan that meets the intent of the code for historic or existing buildings, Building Codes for Existing and Historic Buildings gives you everything that you need to succeed.
English
MELVYN GREEN, S.E., a licensed engineer in several states, is a structural engineer specializing in historic structures. President of the consulting firm Melvyn Green and Associates, Inc., for over thirty-five years, and a previous building official, he is active in building code development and education. He served on the drafting committee of the International Existing Building Code.
English
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii
ABOUT MELVYN GREEN xv
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3
How Are Building Codes Developed? 5
How Are Building Codes Applied? 5
Building Code Updates and Compliance 6
CHAPTER 2 HOW CODES REGULATE BUILDINGS 9
Understanding Code Approach 9
PART 2 DEVELOPMENT OF CODES AND STANDARDS IN THE UNITED STATES 11
CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING CODES IN THE UNITED STATES 13
Local Codes 15
Early Model Codes 15
Comprehensive Model Codes 16
Regional Model Codes 16
International Building Code 17
CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL CODE PROVISIONS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 19
Regional Model Codes 19
International Building Code 24
Change of Occupancy Classification or Group 28
International Existing Building Code 29
CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF CODE PROVISIONS FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS 31
Regional Model Codes 31
International Building Code Provisions for Historic Buildings 32
International Existing Building Code Provisions for Historic Buildings 33
State Building Codes for Historic Buildings 33
California 33
Massachusetts 34
New Jersey 34
Federal Activities 34
Legislation 34
Tax Incentives 35
Federal Agencies 35
Conclusion 37
PART 3 THE RATIONALE BEHIND CODE PROVISIONS 39
CHAPTER 6 OCCUPANCY 41
Factors Infl uenced or Determined by Occupancy 41
Fire Safety Factors 41
Structural Factors 42
General Health and Safety Factors 42
Occupancy Classifications 42
Assembly Occupancies—roup A 43
Business Occupancies—roup B 46
Educational Occupancies—roup E 47
Factory and Industrial Occupancies—roup F 47
High-hazard Occupancies—roup H 50
Institutional Occupancies—roup I 51
Mercantile Occupancies—roup M 55
Residential Occupancies—roup R 56
Storage Occupancies—roup S 58
Utility and Miscellaneous Occupancies—roup U 61
Occupancy Classifi cations in Previous Building Codes 61
CHAPTER 7 PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION FACTORS 63
Siting 63
Fire Concerns 63
Health and Habitability 64
Type of Construction and Materials 64
Type Construction Requirements 65
Fire Concerns 69
Health and Habitability 71
Building and Component Size 71
Fire Concerns 72
Health and Habitability 72
PART 4 HOW CODES REGULATE EXISTING BUILDINGS 73
CHAPTER 8 PRINCIPLES OF REGULATING EXISTING BUILDINGS 75
What Do You Need to Know about Your Building? 76
Building Rehabilitation and Regulation 76
Nonconforming Rights 79
Change of Occupancy 79
CHAPTER 9 INTERNATIONAL EXISTING BUILDING CODE COMPLIANCE METHODS 81
Why Use the International Existing Building Code? 81
How Is the IEBC Organized? 81
Alternate Materials and Methods 85
Plan Requirements 85
Prescriptive Compliance Method 88
Work Area Compliance Method 89
Performance Compliance Method 89
Example Buildings 90
CHAPTER 10 INTERNATIONAL EXISTING BUILDING CODE̶RESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD 97
General 97
Additions, Alterations, and Repairs 98
Structural and Seismic Requirements 99
Nonstructural Alterations and Repairs 100
Other Requirements 100
Change of Occupancy Classification 101
Structural Requirements 102
Conclusion 103
Evaluating the Prescriptive Compliance Method for a Project 103
Prescriptive Compliance Method—xamples 105
CHAPTER 11 INTERNATIONAL EXISTING BUILDING CODE-WORK AREA COMPLIANCE METHOD: REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS 111
Repairs 112
Nonstructural Repairs 113
Structural Repairs 113
Alterations 115
Alteration Level 1 115
Alteration Level 2 116
Alteration Level 3 118
Work Area Compliance Method Alteration Examples 119
CHAPTER 12 INTERNATIONAL EXISTING BUILDING CODE-WORK AREA COMPLIANCE METHOD: SPECIAL CONDITIONS 125
Additions 125
Change of Occupancy 126
Change in Character of Use 131
Change to Another Occupancy Classifi cation or Group 131
Applying the Work Area Compliance Method to Change of Occupancy 137
Code Provisions for Change of Occupancy Classifi cation 139
Historic Structures 143
Repairs to Historic Buildings 145
Alterations to Historic Buildings 145
Change of Occupancy in Historic Buildings 146
Relocated Historic Buildings 147
Work Area Compliance Method Examples 150
CHAPTER 13 INTERNATIONAL EXISTING BUILDING CODE PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHOD 155
Scope 155
Additional Code Requirements 156
Performance Compliance Procedure 156
Performance Compliance Method Examples 160
Low-rise Building 160
High-rise Building 184
Conclusion 204
CHAPTER 14 SUMMARY OF THE COMPLIANCE METHODOLOGIES 205
Low-rise Building 205
High-rise Building 208
Summary 208
PART 5 HISTORIC PRESERVATION REGULATIONS 209
CHAPTER 15 THE LEGAL BASIS FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION REGULATIONS 211
Federal Level 211
American Antiquities Act of 1906 211
Historic Sites Act of 1935 211
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 212
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 212
Executive Order 11593 of 1971 212
The Secretary of the Interior’ Standards of 1978 212
State Laws and Regulations 213
Model Code Provisions 214
Local Laws 214
CHAPTER 16 THE RATIONALE BEHIND HISTORIC PRESERVATION REGULATIONS 215
Underlying Philosophy of the Standards 215
Accuracy versus Subjectivity 215
Reproduction versus Original 217
Reversibility 217
Continuity of History 218
Examples 218
Historic Church 218
Victorian House 221
CHAPTER 17 THE IEBC AND THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS 223
Preservation 224
Background and Definitions 224
Application to Specific Projects 225
Preservation and Building Code Provisions 226
Rehabilitation 226
Background and Definitions 226
Application to Specific Projects 227
Rehabilitation and Building Code Provisions 228
Restoration 229
Background and Definitions 229
Application to Specific Projects 230
Restoration and Building Code Provisions 231
Reconstruction 232
Background and Definitions 232
Application to Specific Projects 233
Reconstruction and Building Code Provisions 233
CHAPTER 18 RESOURCES 237
Historic Buildings 237
Natural Hazards Information 237
Fire Safety 238
INDEX 239
