Managing Risk - The Human Element
Rights Contact Login For More Details
- Wiley
More About This Title Managing Risk - The Human Element
English
The human element is the principle cause of incidents and accidents in all technology industries; hence it is evident that an understanding of the interaction between humans and technology is crucial to the effective management of risk. Despite this, no tested model that explicitly and quantitatively includes the human element in risk prediction is currently available.
Managing Risk: the Human Element combines descriptive and explanatory text with theoretical and mathematical analysis, offering important new concepts that can be used to improve the management of risk, trend analysis and prediction, and hence affect the accident rate in technological industries. It uses examples of major accidents to identify common causal factors, or “echoes”, and argues that the use of specific experience parameters for each particular industry is vital to achieving a minimum error rate as defined by mathematical prediction. New ideas for the perception, calculation and prediction of risk are introduced, and safety management is covered in depth, including for rare events and “unknown” outcomes
- Discusses applications to multiple industries including nuclear, aviation, medical, shipping, chemical, industrial, railway, offshore oil and gas;
- Shows consistency between learning for large systems and technologies with the psychological models of learning from error correction at the personal level;
- Offers the expertise of key leading industry figures involved in safety work in the civil aviation and nuclear engineering industries;
- Incorporates numerous fascinating case studies of key technological accidents.
Managing Risk: the Human Element is an essential read for professional safety experts, human reliability experts and engineers in all technological industries, as well as risk analysts, corporate managers and statistical analysts. It is also of interest to professors, researchers and postgraduate students of reliability and safety engineering, and to experts in human performance.
“…congratulations on what appears to be, at a high level of review, a significant contribution to the literature…I have found much to be admired in (your) research” Mr. Joseph Fragola – Vice President of Valador Inc.
“The book is not only technically informative, but also attractive to all concerned readers and easy to be comprehended at various level of educational background. It is truly an excellent book ever written for the safety risk managers and analysis professionals in the engineering community, especially in the high reliability organizations…” Dr Feng Hsu, Head of Risk Assessment and Management, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
“I admire your courage in confronting your theoretical ideas with such diverse, ecologically valid data, and your success in capturing a major trend in them….I should add that I find all this quite inspiring . …The idea that you need to find the right measure of accumulated experience and not just routinely used calendar time makes so much sense that it comes as a shock to realize that this is a new idea”, Professor Stellan Ohlsson, Professor of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago
English
Romney B. Duffey, Principal Scientist, Research and Product Development, Chalk River, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
Romney B. Duffey is a leading expert in commercial nuclear reactors and is active in global environmental and energy studies and in advanced system design. He is currently Principal Scientist for AECL (Canada), having previously held a number of leadership roles within the US utility industry and in government laboratories and programs. He is a past chair of the American Society of Engineers' Nuclear Engineering Division, and the American Nuclear Society's Thermal Hydraulics Division. He has authored over 200 papers and articles.
John W. Saull, Executive Director, International Federation of Airworthiness, UK.
John W. Saull is an internationally renowned aeronautical engineer with over 45 years' experience in commercial aircraft certification, manufacturing, maintenance, personnel licensing and flight operations, and is a leading expert in safety management and human error. He is currently Executive Director of the International Federation of Airworthiness, having retired from his position as Chief Surveyor and Head of Operating Standards at the Civil Aviation Authority in 1996. He is currently a member of a number of international safety committees dealing with maintenance and human factors, and continues to be involved in organizing air safety conferences and chairing technical sessions.
English
Contents About the AuthorsPrefaceAcknowledgementsDefi nitions of Risk and Risk ManagementIntroduction: The Art of Prediction and the Creation of Order Risk and Risk Management Defi ning Risk Managing Risk: Our Purpose, Plan and Goals Recent Tragic Outcomes Power Blackouts, Space Shuttle Losses, Concorde Crashes, Chernobyl , Three Mile Island and More . . . How Events and Disasters Evolve in a Phased Development: The Human Element Our Values at Risk: The Probable Improvement Probably or Improbably Not How this Book is Organised References Technical Summary Defi ning the Past Probability Predicting Future Risk: Sampling from the Jar of Life A Possible Future: Defi ning the Posterior Probability The Engineers Have an Answer: Reliability Drawing from the Jar of Life: The Hazard Function and Species Extinction Experiencing Failure: Engineering and Human Risk and Reliability Experience Space Managing Safely: Creating Order out of Disorder Using Safety Management Systems Describing the Indescribable: Top-Down and Bottom-Up What an Observer will Observe and the Depth of our Experience References 1 The Universal Learning Curve Predicting Tragedies, Accidents and Failures: Using the Learning Hypothesis The Learning Hypothesis: The Market Place of Life Learning in HTSs: The Way a Human Learns Evidence of Risk Reduction by Learning Evidence of Learning from Experience: Case Studies Evidence of Learning in Economics Evidence of Learning in Engineering and Architecture: The Costs of Mistakes Learning in Technology: the Economics of Reducing Costs Evidence of Learning Skill and Risk Reduction in the Medical Profession: Practice Makes Almost Perfect Learning in HTSs: The Recent Data Still Agrees The Equations That Describe the Learning Curve Zero Defects and Reality Predicting Failures: The Human Bathtub Experience Space: The Statistics of Managing Safety and of Observing Accidents Predicting the Future Based on Past Experience: The Prior Ignorance Future Events: the Way Forward Using Learning Probabilities The Wisdom of Experience and Inevitability The Last, First or Rare Event Conclusions and Observations: Predicting Accidents References 2 The Four Echoes Power Blackouts, Space Shuttle Losses, Concorde Crashes, and the Chernobyl and Three Mile Island Accidents The Combination of Events The Problem Is the Human Element The Four Echoes Share the Same Four Phases The First Echo: Blackout of the Power Grid Management’s Role The First Echo: Findings Error State Error State Error State Chernobyl Chernobyl Accident: An Echo of Three Mile Island The Consequences Echoes of Three Mile Island The Causes Error State Mission Range of Likelihoods Mission London Texas City Error States Error State Error States Kean Canyon Japan Chernobyl Columbia Kean Canyon Quebec
English
"An excellently produced book with over 500 pages of detailed information on the management of risk and the avoidance of accidents." (AMEC, November 2008)
