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More About This Title Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Tritium andCarbon-14
English
Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Tritium and Carbon-14 is a comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date discussion of the strategies, synthetic approaches, reactions techniques, and resources for the preparation of compounds labeled with either of these isotopes. A large number of examples are presented for the use of isotopic sources and building blocks in the preparation of labeled target compounds, illustrating the range of possibilities for embedding isotopic labels in selected moieties of complex structures. Topics include:
- Formulation of synthetic strategies for preparing labeled compounds
- Isotope exchange methods and synthetic alternatives for preparing tritiated compounds
- In-depth discussion of carbon-14 building blocks and their utility in synthesis
- Preparation of enantiomerically pure isotopically labeled compounds
- Applications of biotransformations
Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Tritium and Carbon-14 is an essential guide to the specialist strategies and tactics used by chemists to prepare compounds tagged with theradioactive atoms carbon-14 and tritium.
English
Richard Heys received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Stanford University in 1976 and conducted postdoctoral research in the chemistry department at Yale; both involved the synthesis of radiolabeled compounds and their use in elucidation of biosynthetic pathways. His subsequent 29-year career in organic radiochemical synthesis both in the laboratory and as a manager took him to the Radiochemistry Department of Midwest Research Institute (now part of Aptuit, Inc.), Smith Kline & French Laboratories/SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (now GlaxoSmithKline) and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. Author or coauthor of over 85 publications, 8 patents and a previous conference proceedings volume in the field, organizer of an international symposium on the synthesis of isotopically labeled compound and holder of leadership positions (including president and CFO) in the International Isotope Society for 9 years, he is retired and lives in northwestern Connecticut.
Thomas Moenius received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg in 1986. He is a member of the isotope group of Novartis Pharma AG, working in the field of carbon-14 and tritium labeling. Since 2007 he is also European Editor for Journal for Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals.
English
Glossary.
Author Biographies.
1 Introduction.
1.1 Physical Properties of Tritium and Carbon-14.
1.2 Purification.
1.3 Analysis.
1.4 Stability and Storage of Compounds Labeled with Tritium or Carbon-14.
1.5 Specialist Techniques and Equipment.
References .
2 Strategies for Target Preparation.
2.1 Formulating Target Specifications.
2.2 Planning Radiotracer Preparations.
References.
3 Preparation of Tritium-Labeled Compounds by Isotope Exchange Reactions.
3.1 Homogeneous Acid- or Base-Catalyzed Exchange.
3.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis with Tritium in Solvent.
3.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis in Solution with Tritium Gas.
3.4 Homogeneous Catalysis in Solution with Tritiated Water.
3.5 Homogeneous Catalysis with Tritium Gas.
3.6 Solvent-Free Catalytic Exchange.
References.
4 Preparation of Tritium-Labeled Compounds by Chemical Synthesis.
4.1 Catalytic Tritiations.
4.2 Catalytic Tritiolyses.
4.3 Tritide Reductions.
4.4 Small Tritiated Building Blocks.
References.
5 Barium [14C]Carbonate and the Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via One-Carbon Building Blocks of the [14C]Carbon Dioxide Tree.
5.1 [14C]Carbon Dioxide (14CO2).
5.2 [14C]Carbon Monoxide (14CO).
5.3 [14C]Formic Acid (H14COOH).
5.4 [14C]Formaldehyde (H14CHO).
5.5 [14C]Methyl Iodide (14CH3I).
5.6 [14C]Nitromethane (14CH3NO2).
References.
6 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via Multi-Carbon Building Blocks of the [14C]Carbon Dioxide Tree.
6.1 [14C]Acetic Acid and Its Derivatives.
6.2 Halo[14C]acetates.
6.3 [14C]Acetone.
6.4 Alkyl [14C]Acetoacetate.
6.5 [14C]Malonates.
References.
7 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via the [14C]Cyanide Tree.
7.1 Metal [14C]Cyanides.
7.2 Preparation of Other Building Blocks from [14C]Cyanide.
References.
8 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via the [14C2]Acetylene Tree.
8.1 [14C2]Acetylene (H14C≡14CH).
8.2 [14C2]Acetaldehyde (14CH314CHO).
8.3 [1,2-14C2]Acetic Acid (14CH314COOH).
8.4 2-[2,3-14C2]Propyne-1-ol ([2,3-14C2]Propargyl Alcohol) and 2-[2,3-14C2]Butyne-1,4-diol.
8.5 Methyl [2,3-14C2]Propiolate (H14C≡14CCOOMe) and Dimethyl [2,3-14C2]Acetylenedicarboxylate (HOOC14C_14CCOOH).
8.6 1,2-[14C2]Dibromoethane (Br14CH214CH2Br).
8.7 [14C2]Ethylene Oxide.
8.8 [14Cn]Benzene and the Synthesis of Ring-Labeled Aromatic Compounds.
References.
9 Preparation of Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds via the [14C]Cyanamide Tree.
9.1 [14C]Cyanamide (H2N14C≡N).
9.2 [14C]Guanidine (H2N14C=NH)NH2).
9.3 [14C]Urea, H2N14CONH2.
9.4 [14C]Thiourea, H2N14CSNH2 .
References.
10 Reconstitution Strategies.
10.1 Replacement Strategies.
10.2 Disconnection?Reconnection Strategies.
References.
11 Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds Labeled with Isotopes of Hydrogen and Carbon.
11.1 Resolution of Racemates.
11.2 Enantioselective Synthetic Methods.
11.3 Diastereoselective Synthetic Procedures.
References.
12 Biotransformations in the Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes.
12.1 Applications of Isolated Enzymes.
12.2 Application of Cell-Containing Systems.
12.3 Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Key Intermediates for Reconstitution Approaches.
References.
Index.
