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More About This Title Basic Guide to System Safety, Third Edition
English
This book provides guidance on including prevention through design concepts within an occupational safety and health management system. Through the application of these concepts, decisions pertaining to occupational hazards and risks can be incorporated into the process of design and redesign of work premises, tools, equipment, machinery, substances, and work processes including their construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, and ultimate disposal or reuse. These techniques provide guidance for a life-cycle assessment and design model that balances environmental and occupational safety and health goals over the life span of a facility, process, or product.
The new edition is expanded to include primer information on the use of safety assurance techniques in design and construction.
English
Jeffrey W. Vincoli, CSP is currently the Manager of Environmental, Safety and Health Compliance Assurance for Bechtel Corporation. Jeff has over three decades of experience in the practice of occupational and environmental safety and health to include work in system safety analysis, accident and incident investigation, professional training and consulting services, and hazard recognition and assessment. He is a Professional Member of the American Society of Safety Engineers and has assisted in a number of task force assignments and appointed positions focusing on improving the practice of occupational safety and health on a global basis. He has conducted safety reviews and analyses, investigations and training at major construction and engineering projects located on six continents. Jeff is the author of eight published books with three different publishing houses and more than two dozen articles in professional trade journals.
English
PREFACE xiii
PART I THE SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM 1
1 System Safety: An Overview 3
Background 3
The Difference Between Industrial Safety and System Safety 7
System Safety and the Assessment of Risk 8
2 System Safety Concepts 15
Fundamentals 15
The System Safety Process 16
System Safety Criteria 18
Hazard Severity 18
Hazard Probability 18
The Hazard Risk Matrix 19
System Safety Precedence 20
Cost and Risk Acceptance 24
Quantitative Risk Assessment 25
Principles of Risk Management 27
Management Commitment 27
3 System Safety Program Requirements 29
The Safety Charter 29
Selling Safety to Management 30
The System Safety Effort 31
Closed-Loop Hazard Tracking System 32
Accident Risk Assessment 33
MishapAccidentIncident Reporting 33
Facility Inspection Reports 36
System Safety Analyses 36
Life Cycle Phases and the System Safety Process 36
Concept Phase 37
Design Phase 37
Production Phase 37
Operations Phase 39
Disposal Phase 39
4 The Industrial Safety Connection 41
The Occupational Safety and Health Act 41
The Human Factors Element 43
Accident Prevention Through System Design 44
The Process of Task Analysis 47
The Job Safety Analysis and System Safety 48
Guidelines for Preparing a Job Safety Analysis 50
Signatures and Approvals 56
Changes in HazardScope 56
System Safety: an Integral Part of the Overall Organization 57
5 Probability Theory and Statistical Analysis 61
Introduction 61
Probability 62
Statistics 64
Summary 67
PART II SYSTEM SAFETY ANALYSIS: TECHNIQUES AND METHODS 69
6 Preliminary Hazard Analysis 71
Introduction 71
The PHA Development Process 72
The PHA Report 78
PHA Example 78
System Description 79
System Operation 80
Preliminary Assessment 81
Evaluation of System Risk 81
Summary 90
7 Subsystem and System Hazard Analyses 91
Introduction 91
The Subsystem Hazard Analysis Report 92
SSHA Example 93
System Description 93
Evaluation of Subsystem Hazard Risk 95
Summary 98
8 Operating and Support Hazard Analysis 99
Introduction 99
Ergonomics 99
When to Perform the O&SHA 101
O&SHA Example 103
Scope and Purpose of the Example O&SHA 103
Risk Assessment 104
Risk Assessment 1: 1B 106
Risk Assessment 2: 1A 107
Risk Assessment 3: 2B 107
Summary 109
9 Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis 111
Introduction 111
The Energy–Barrier Concept 111
Uses of the ETBA 112
Performing the ETBA 112
The ETBA Worksheet 113
ETBA Example 114
System Description 114
The ETBA 114
Summary 118
10 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis 119
Introduction 119
Types of FMEAs 119
Performing an FMEA 120
The FMEA Report 121
FMEA Example 124
System Component Subassembly Description 124
System Operation 128
Failure Mode(s) and Effect(s) 128
Evaluation of Potential Subsystem or Component Failures 129
Summary 132
11 Fault or Functional Hazard Analysis 135
Introduction 135
The FHA Process 136
FHA Example 137
System Description 137
The FHA Process 139
The FHA 141
Summary 143
12 Fault Tree Analysis 145
Introduction 145
Qualitative and Quantitative Reasoning 146
Constructing a Fault Tree 146
Fault Tree Symbols 147
FTA Examples 150
Probability Values and the Fault Tree 153
Summary 156
13 Management Oversight and Risk Tree 157
Introduction 157
The MORT Analytical Chart 158
MORT Use 159
The MORT Event Tree 160
Symbols 160
MORT Analysis Example 161
MORT Color Coding 163
Procedure for MORT Analysis 165
Summary 165
14 HAZOP and What-If Analyses 167
Introduction 167
Background 168
Definitions 168
Objectives 169
Team Members 169
Reference Data Requirements 169
The Concept of “Nodes” 170
Conducting the What-If Analysis 171
What-If Analysis Steps 171
The What-If Analysis Worksheet 173
Conducting The HAZOP Study 175
The HAZOP Worksheet 175
The Analysis Report 176
Summary 177
15 Special Use Analysis Techniques 179
Introduction 179
Sneak Circuit Analysis 180
Types and Causes of Sneaks 180
SCA Input Requirements 181
Advantages and Disadvantages of the SCA 181
Software Hazard Analysis 183
Types of SWHA Techniques 183
Summary 185
Epilogue 187
Appendix A Sources of Additional InformationTraining 189
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations 195
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 199
BIBLIOGRAPHY 223
INDEX 225
