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More About This Title Wireless Communications
English
—Professor Moe Win, MIT, USA
Wireless communications has grown rapidly over the past decade from a niche market into one of the most important, fast moving industries. Fully updated to incorporate the latest research and developments, Wireless Communications, Second Edition provides an authoritative overview of the principles and applications of mobile communication technology.
The author provides an in-depth analysis of current treatment of the area, addressing both the traditional elements, such as Rayleigh fading, BER in flat fading channels, and equalisation, and more recently emerging topics such as multi-user detection in CDMA systems, MIMO systems, and cognitive radio. The dominant wireless standards; including cellular, cordless and wireless LANs; are discussed.
- Topics featured include: wireless propagation channels, transceivers and signal processing, multiple access and advanced transceiver schemes, and standardised wireless systems.
- Combines mathematical descriptions with intuitive explanations of the physical facts, enabling readers to acquire a deep understanding of the subject.
- Includes new chapters on cognitive radio, cooperative communications and relaying, video coding, 3GPP Long Term Evolution, and WiMax; plus significant new sections on multi-user MIMO, 802.11n, and information theory.
- Companion website featuring: supplementary material on 'DECT', solutions manual and presentation slides for instructors, appendices, list of abbreviations and other useful resources.
English
Andreas F. Molisch is based at Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Cambridge, MA and also Lund University, Lund, Sweden. He received his M.Sc., Ph.D. and habilitation degrees from the Technical University Vienna, Austria in 1990, 1994 and 1999 respectively. His current research interests are muliple-antenna systems, wireless channel measurement and modeling, ultra wideband systems, and OFDM. He has authored or co-authored two books, seven book chapters, some 70 journal papers, and numerous conference papers. He is active in standardization: IEEE 802.15.3a, IEEE 802.15.4a (chairman of the channel modeling group), IEEE 802.11n, Multiband-OFDM alliance (chairman of scalability group), COST273 (chairman of the channel modeling group), and is vice-chairman of Commission C of URSI (International Union of Radio Scientists). He is a Fellow of the IEEE, and a recipient of several awards.
English
Preface and Acknowledgements to the Second Edition xxiii
Preface to the First Edition xxv
Acknowledgments to the First Edition xxix
Abbreviations xxxi
Symbols xlvii
Part I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Applications and Requirements of Wireless Services 3
1.1 History 4
1.2 Types of Services 8
1.3 Requirements for the Services 16
1.4 Economic and Social Aspects 22
2 Technical Challenges of Wireless Communications 27
2.1 Multipath Propagation 27
2.2 Spectrum Limitations 32
2.3 Limited Energy 35
2.4 User Mobility 36
3 Noise- and Interference-Limited Systems 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Noise-Limited Systems 37
3.3 Interference-Limited Systems 43
Part II WIRELESS PROPAGATION CHANNELS 45
4 Propagation Mechanisms 47
4.1 Free Space Attenuation 47
4.2 Reflection and Transmission 49
4.3 Diffraction 54
4.4 Scattering by Rough Surfaces 63
4.5 Waveguiding 66
4.6 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 67
4.A: Derivation of the d−4 Law
4.B: Diffraction Coefficients for Diffraction by a Wedge or Cylinder
Further Reading 67
5 Statistical Description of the Wireless Channel 69
5.1 Introduction 69
5.2 The Time-Invariant Two-Path Model 71
5.3 The Time-Variant Two-Path Model 72
5.4 Small-Scale Fading without a Dominant Component 74
5.5 Small-Scale Fading with a Dominant Component 83
5.6 Doppler Spectra and Temporal Channel Variations 88
5.7 Temporal Dependence of Fading 91
5.8 Large-Scale Fading 95
5.9 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 99
5.A: The Lindeberg–Feller Theorem
5.B: Derivation of the Rayleigh Distribution
5.C: Derivation of the Level Crossing Rate
Further Reading 99
6 Wideband and Directional Channel Characterization 101
6.1 Introduction 101
6.2 The Causes of Delay Dispersion 102
6.3 System-Theoretic Description of Wireless Channels 106
6.4 The WSSUS Model 109
6.5 Condensed Parameters 112
6.6 Ultra Wideband Channels 118
6.7 Directional Description 120
6.8 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 123
6.A: Validity of WSSUS in Mobile Radio Channels
6.B: Instantaneous Channel Parameters
Further Reading 123
7 Channel Models 125
7.1 Introduction 125
7.2 Narrowband Models 126
7.3 Wideband Models 128
7.4 Directional Models 131
7.5 Deterministic Channel-Modeling Methods 138
7.6 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 142
7.A: The Okumura–Hata Model
7.B: The COST 231–Walfish–Ikegami Model
7.C: The COST 207 GSM Model
7.D: The ITU-R Models
7.E: The 3GPP Spatial Channel Model
7.F: The ITU-Advanced Channel Model
7.G: The 802.15.4a UWB Channel Model
Further Reading 142
8 Channel Sounding 145
8.1 Introduction 145
8.2 Time-Domain Measurements 150
8.3 Frequency Domain Analysis 152
8.4 Modified Measurement Methods 153
8.5 Directionally Resolved Measurements 157
8.6 Appendix: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 164
8.A: The ESPRIT Algorithm
Further Reading 164
9 Antennas 165
9.1 Introduction 165
9.2 Antennas for Mobile Stations 169
9.3 Antennas for Base Stations 175
Further Reading 178
Part III TRANSCEIVERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 179
10 Structure of a Wireless Communication Link 181
10.1 Transceiver Block Structure 181
10.2 Simplified Models 186
Further Reading 186
11 Modulation Formats 187
11.1 Introduction 187
11.2 Basics 188
11.3 Important Modulation Formats 196
11.4 Appendix: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 219
11.A: Interpretation of MSK as OQPSK
Further Reading 219
12 Demodulation 221
12.1 Demodulator Structure and Error Probability in Additive White Gaussian Noise Channels 221
12.2 Error Probability in Flat-Fading Channels 232
12.3 Error Probability in Delay- and Frequency-Dispersive Fading Channels 239
Further Reading 247
13 Diversity 249
13.1 Introduction 249
13.2 Microdiversity 251
13.3 Macrodiversity and Simulcast 258
13.4 Combination of Signals 259
13.5 Error Probability in Fading Channels with Diversity Reception 268
13.6 Transmit Diversity 273
13.7 Appendix: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 274
13.A: Correlation Coefficient of Two Signals with Time Separation and Frequency Separation
Further Reading 275
14 Channel Coding and Information Theory 277
14.1 Fundamentals of Coding and Information Theory 277
14.2 Block Codes 283
14.3 Convolutional Codes 288
14.4 Trellis Coded Modulation 294
14.5 Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) 299
14.6 Turbo Codes 300
14.7 Low Density Parity Check Codes 303
14.8 Coding for the Fading Channel 309
14.9 Information-Theoretic Performance Limits of Fading Channels 315
14.10 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 317
14.A: ARQ and HARQ
Further Reading 317
15 Speech Coding 319
Gernot Kubin
15.1 Introduction 319
15.2 The Sound of Speech 322
15.3 Stochastic Models for Speech 326
15.4 Quantization and Coding 331
15.5 From Speech Transmission to Acoustic Telepresence 339
Further Reading 342
16 Equalizers 343
16.1 Introduction 343
16.2 Linear Equalizers 347
16.3 Decision Feedback Equalizers 353
16.4 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation – Viterbi Detector 355
16.5 Comparison of Equalizer Structures 358
16.6 Fractionally Spaced Equalizers 358
16.7 Blind Equalizers 359
16.8 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 361
16.A: Equivalence of Peak Distortion and Zero-Forcing Criterion
16.B: Derivation of the Mean-Square-Error Criterion
16.C: The Recursive-Least-Squares Algorithm
Further Reading 361
Part IV MULTIPLE ACCESS AND ADVANCED TRANSCEIVER SCHEMES 363
17 Multiple Access and the Cellular Principle 365
17.1 Introduction 365
17.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access 366
17.3 Time Division Multiple Access 371
17.4 Packet Radio 373
17.5 Duplexing 378
17.6 Principles of Cellular Networks 379
17.7 Appendix: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 385
17.A: Adjacent Channel Interface
17.B: Information Theory of Multi-User Channels
Further Reading 385
18 Spread Spectrum Systems 387
18.1 Frequency Hopping Multiple Access (FHMA) 387
18.2 Code Division Multiple Access 389
18.3 Cellular Code-Division-Multiple-Access Systems 401
18.4 Multiuser Detection 406
18.5 Time Hopping Impulse Radio 411
Further Reading 415
19 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 417
19.1 Introduction 417
19.2 Principle of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 418
19.3 Implementation of Transceivers 418
19.4 Frequency-Selective Channels 420
19.5 Channel Estimation 425
19.6 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio 429
19.7 Inter Carrier Interference 432
19.8 Adaptive Modulation and Capacity 436
19.9 Multiple Access – OFDMA 439
19.10 Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access 440
19.11 Single-Carrier Modulation with Frequency Domain Equalization 442
Further Reading 443
20 Multiantenna Systems 445
20.1 Smart Antennas 445
20.2 Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems 464
20.3 Multiuser MIMO 488
Further Reading 497
21 Cognitive Radio 499
21.1 Problem Description 499
21.2 Cognitive Transceiver Architecture 502
21.3 Principles of Interweaving 503
21.4 Spectrum Sensing 503
21.5 Spectrum Management 508
21.6 Spectrum Sharing 509
21.7 Overlay 512
21.8 Underlay Hierarchical Access – Ultra Wide Bandwidth System Communications 514
Further Reading 518
22 Relaying, Multi-Hop, and Cooperative Communications 519
22.1 Introduction and Motivation 519
22.2 Fundamentals of Relaying 521
22.3 Relaying with Multiple, Parallel Relays 527
22.4 Routing and Resource Allocation in Multi-Hop Networks 535
22.5 Routing and Resource Allocation in Collaborative Networks 549
22.6 Applications 554
22.7 Network Coding 556
Further Reading 560
23 Video Coding 563
Anthony Vetro
23.1 Introduction 563
23.2 Transform and Quantization 566
23.3 Prediction 569
23.4 Entropy Coding 571
23.5 Video Coding Standards 574
23.6 Layered Video Coding 575
23.7 Error Control 577
23.8 Video Streaming 581
Further Reading 583
Part V STANDARDIZED WIRELESS SYSTEMS 585
24 GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications 587
24.1 Historical Overview 587
24.2 System Overview 589
24.3 The Air Interface 591
24.4 Logical and Physical Channels 595
24.5 Synchronization 600
24.6 Coding 602
24.7 Equalizer 606
24.8 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission 607
24.9 Establishing a Connection and Handover 608
24.10 Services and Billing 614
24.11 Glossary for GSM 617
24.12 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 620
24.A: The Original Global System for Mobile Communications Speech Coder
24.B: General Packet Radio Service
Further Reading 620
25 IS-95 and CDMA 2000 621
25.1 Historical Overview 621
25.2 System Overview 621
25.3 Air Interface 622
25.4 Coding 623
25.5 Spreading and Modulation 625
25.6 Logical and Physical Channels 631
25.7 Handover 633
25.8 Appendices: please see companion website (www.wiley.com/go/molisch) 633
25.A: CDMA 2000 –History
25.B: CDMA 2000 –1x Mode
25.C: CDMA 2000 –3x Mode
25.D: CDMA 2000 –1xEV-DO
Further Reading 634
26 WCDMA/UMTS 635
26.1 Historical Overview 635
26.2 System Overview 636
26.3 Air Interface 639
26.4 Physical and Logical Channels 641
26.5 Speech Coding, Multiplexing, and Channel Coding 645
26.6 Spreading and Modulation 649
26.7 Physical-Layer Procedures 657
26.8 Glossary for WCDMA 661
Further Reading 663
27 3GPP Long-Term Evolution 665
27.1 Introduction 665
27.2 System Overview 667
27.3 Physical Layer 672
27.4 Logical and Physical Channels 684
27.5 Physical Layer Procedures 693
27.6 Glossary for LTE 697
Further Reading 698
28 WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 699
28.1 Introduction 699
28.2 System Overview 701
28.3 Modulation and Coding 703
28.4 Logical and Physical Channels 707
28.5 Multiple-Antenna Techniques 720
28.6 Link Control 724
28.7 Glossary for WiMAX 728
Further Reading 729
29 Wireless Local Area Networks 731
29.1 Introduction 731
29.2 802.11a/g – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Based Local Area Networks 734
29.3 IEEE 802.11n 739
29.4 Packet Transmission in 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks 745
29.5 Alternative Wireless Local Area Networks and Future Developments 749
29.6 Glossary for WLAN 749
Further Reading 750
30 Exercises 751
Peter Almers, Ove Edfors, Hao Feng, Fredrik Floren, Anders Johanson, Johan Karedal, Buon Kiong Lau, Christian Mehlf¨uhrer, Andreas F. Molisch, Jan Plasberg, Barbara Resch, Jonas Samuelson, Junyang Shen, Andre Stranne, Fredrik Tufvesson, Anthony Vetro and Shurjeel Wyne
30.1 Chapter 1: Applications and Requirements of Wireless Services 751
30.2 Chapter 2: Technical Challenges of Wireless Communications 751
30.3 Chapter 3: Noise- and Interference-Limited Systems 752
30.4 Chapter 4: Propagation Mechanisms 752
30.5 Chapter 5: Statistical Description of the Wireless Channel 754
30.6 Chapter 6: Wideband and Directional Channel Characterization 757
30.7 Chapter 7: Channel Models 758
30.8 Chapter 8: Channel Sounding 759
30.9 Chapter 9: Antennas 761
30.10 Chapter 10: Structure of a Wireless Communication Link 762
30.11 Chapter 11: Modulation Formats 762
30.12 Chapter 12: Demodulation 763
30.13 Chapter 13: Diversity 765
30.14 Chapter 14: Channel Coding 768
30.15 Chapter 15: Speech Coding 770
30.16 Chapter 16: Equalizers 773
30.17 Chapter 17: Multiple Access and the Cellular Principle 775
30.18 Chapter 18: Spread Spectrum Systems 777
30.19 Chapter 19: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 779
30.20 Chapter 20: Multiantenna Systems 780
30.21 Chapter 21: Cognitive Radio 782
30.22 Chapter 22: Relaying, Multi-Hop, and Cooperative Communications 784
30.23 Chapter 23: Video Coding 786
30.24 Chapter 24: GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications 787
30.25 Chapter 25: IS-95 and CDMA 2000 788
30.26 Chapter 26: WCDMA/UMTS 788
30.27 Chapter 27: 3GPP Long Term Evolution 788
30.28 Chapter 28: WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 790
30.29 Chapter 29: Wireless Local Area Networks 790
References 793
Index 817
English
"This electrical engineering textbook thoroughly covers traditional and emerging topics in wireless technology. Appropriate for both undergraduate students and graduate students, it could also serve as a guide for working professionals. Molisch combines intuitive explanations with mathematical descriptions and examples in this well-organized, comprehensive guide." (Book News, 1 March 2011)
