Title Details

The Editors
Peter S. Brandon is Professor Emeritus at the University of Salford, UK, having been Head of School and Pro Vice Chancellor for Research. He has chaired many of the major research committees related to the Built Environment in the UK, including the 1996 and 2001 Research Assessment Exercises.

Patrizia Lombardi is Full Professor and Head of the Interuniversity Department of Urban and Regional Studies and Planning at the Politecnico di Turin, Italy. She has been an established gure in the eld of evaluating sustainable urban development for over 25 years, publishing widely in the subject area and coordinating several pan-European projects.

Geoffrey Q. Shen is Chair Professor of Construction Management and became Associate Dean of the Faculty of Construction and Environment of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China, after completing two terms as Head of the Department of Building and Real Estate. He has a proven track record of research leadership in collaborative working and sustainable urban development.

List of Contributors x

Acknowledgements xii

1 Initiative and Obsolescence in Sustainable Development1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Section 1: World views and values 3

1.3 Section 2: Design and evaluation tools and technology 5

1.4 Section 3: Engaging with practice, stakeholders and management 8

1.5 Initiative and obsolescence 10

1.6 Final statement 13

References 13

Section 1: World Views and Values 15

2 Cities of Tomorrow: Five Crucibles of Change 17

2.1 Exordium 17

2.2 Disquisition 20

2.3 Propositum 36

References 39

3 Going Beyond Sustainability: Changing Views, Changing Ways 40

3.1 Introduction 40

3.2 What lies beyond sustainability? 41

3.3 Changing views: Transforming story, transforming thought 44

3.4 Changing self: Transforming knowledge into wisdom 48

3.5 Changing ways: Transforming practice 50

3.6 Conclusions 52

Acknowledgements 53

References 54

4 Transition Towards a Post Carbon City – Does Resilience Matter? 55

4.2 Cities and climate change 57

4.3 Approaches to sustainable development 60

4.4 Concluding remarks 65

Acknowledgements 66

References 67

5 Sustainable Urban Development – Where Are You Now? 69

5.1 Introduction 69

5.2 Establishing the BEQUEST network 70

5.3 Building the BEQUEST team 70

5.4 The legacy of BEQUEST 73

5.5 Defining SUD 75

5.6 The diffusion of SUD 77

5.7 The framing of and tools for SUD 78

5.8 Expansion/dilution of SUD 80

5.9 Elaborating, not extending, SUD 81

5.10 Conclusions 83

References 86

Section 2: Design and Evaluation Tools and Technology 91

6 Crowdsourcing Public Participation in Sustainable

Built Environment Development: The Democratisation of Expertise 93

6.1 Introduction 93

6.2 The context of sustainable built environment development 94

6.3 Background to technology‐enabled public participation 96

6.4 The potential of virtual reality 98

6.5 Using virtual reality as a crowdsourcing approach to public participation in urban planning 101

6.6 Summary 103

References 104

7 2050 – The Invisible Future 108

7.1 The future 108

7.2 What future? 109

7.3 The present and the future 111

7.4 Future city in 2050 112

7.5 Invisible BIM 2050 120

7.6 Constraints to the vision 122

References 123

8 The Role of Carbon in Sustainable Development 125

8.1 Introduction 125

8.2 Operational and embodied carbon in construction 126

8.3 Estimating OC and EC 129

8.4 Shifting of focus 140

8.5 Drivers and barriers in managing carbon emissions in construction 144

8.6 Need for carbon estimating in construction 148

8.7 Future trends 149

8.8 Conclusions 150

Acknowledgements 151

References 151

9 Supporting Risk Assessment in Building Resilient Cities 155

9.1 Introduction 155

9.2 Theoretical framework for capturing the degree of vulnerability of a place 156

9.3 Local risk assessment process 156

9.4 Multi‐agency collaboration and community engagement 158

9.5 Technology platforms for interactive risk assessment 159

9.6 Conclusion 161

References 161

10 Towards an Intelligent Digital Ecosystem – Sustainable Data‐driven Design Futures 164

10.1 Introduction 164

10.2 Changing role of ‘design’ for sustainable futures 165

10.3 Emerging concepts, challenges and trends 165

10.4 The rise of big data 167

10.5 From green to smart: New focus/new metrics 168

10.6 Predicted versus actual performance 169

10.7 Towards a digital ecosystem – Scenarios for implementation 173

10.8 Conclusions: Future value propositions 176

References 177

11 Smart Cities Case Study – The Nottingham Experience 179

11.1 Background 179

11.2 Remourban 180

11.3 Nottingham case study 181

11.4 Integrated infrastructures 189

11.5 Discussion on added value 190

References 191

Section 3: Engaging with Practice, Stakeholders and Management 193

12 Value‐oriented Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Framework 195

12.1 Stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 195

12.2 Approaches to stakeholder engagement 196

12.3 Value‐oriented approach of stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 198

12.4 Process of the value‐oriented stakeholder engagement approach 201

12.5 Using SNA to analyse stakeholder interrelationships 202

12.6 The conceptual framework and its potential applications 208

12.7 Conclusions 208

Acknowledgements 210

References 210

13 Sustainability in Practice in the United Kingdom – A Reflective Analysis 213

13.1 Introduction 213

13.2 Method 215

13.3 Reflective analysis 215

13.4 Property Tectonics 215

13.5 Economics, investment and finance 217

13.6 National grid pressures 218

13.7 Waste recycling 219

13.8 Lifespan software 220

13.9 Energy management in social housing 221

13.10 Energy Company Obligation 226

13.11 Compliance and warranties 226

13.12 Conclusion 229

References 229


14 Understanding Value Generation in Complex Urban

Regeneration Projects 231

14.1 The context: Social housing projects in Brazil 231

14.2 Management of urban regeneration projects 232

14.3 Value generation 233

14.4 Research method 235

14.5 Main results 237

14.6 Discussion and conclusions 248

References 250

15 Integrating Sustainable Urban Development 252

15.1 Problem realisation 252

15.2 Towards a solution 254

15.3 Globalisation and virtualisation 256

15.4 The city and its hinterland 257

15.5 Towards better governance structures 261

15.6 Mind the skills gap 263

References 266

Further reading 266

16 Sustainability – The Role of Construction Contracts 268

16.1 Introduction 268

16.2 The JCT consultation 271

16.3 Specification or contract conditions 273

16.4 JCT standard form contracts and sustainability 276

16.5 The framework objectives 276

16.6 The provider’s supply chain 276

16.7 Sustainable development and environmental considerations 277

16.8 Aspirational or legally binding provisions 278

16.9 The future 281

16.10 Conclusion 282

References 284

17 Transforming Communication and Decision‐making Practices for Sustainable Renewal of Urban Transport Infrastructure 285

17.1 Introduction 285

17.2 Aim, objectives and methods of study 287

17.3 Sustainable renewal of urban transport infrastructure 288

17.4 Analysis of key issues in urban transport renewal 292

17.5 Findings and discussion 298

17.6 Conclusion 300

References 301

18 Rethinking the Role of Time in Sustainable Urban Development 306

18.1 Introduction 306

18.2 Why time? 307

18.3 Planning with time 308

18.4 Time as a linking factor. Hermann Dooyeweerd’s philosophy of the law idea 312

18.5 The grave of time. Why current planning approaches fail 314

18.6 Summary 316

18.7 A future challenge 316

References 317

19 Suggestions for Future Sustainability: Philosophical and Practical 319

19.1 Sustainability 319

19.2 Dooyeweerd’s philosophy 323

19.3 The longer view 333

19.4 The importance of attitudes and beliefs to sustainability 336

19.5 Conclusion 341

References 342

Index 344