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More About This Title Clinical Anatomy - Applied Anatomy for Studentsand Junior Doctors 12e
English
Professor Vishy Mahadevan, Barbers’ Company Reader in Anatomy, Raven Department of Education, Royal College of Surgeons of England.
English
Preface to the First Edition, xiv
Acknowledgements to the Twelfth (Jubilee) Edition, xv
Acknowledgements to the First Edition, xvi
Part 1: The Thorax
Introduction, 3
Surface anatomy and surface markings, 3
The trachea, 4
The pleura, 4
The lungs, 6
The heart, 6
The thoracic cage, 7
The thoracic vertebrae, 8
The ribs, 8
The costal cartilages, 10
The sternum, 11
The intercostal spaces, 12
The diaphragm, 15
The pleurae, 21
The lower respiratory tract, 21
The trachea, 21
The bronchi, 26
The lungs, 26
The mediastinum, 31
The pericardium, 31
The heart, 32
The superior mediastinum, 47
The thymus, 47
The oesophagus, 47
The thoracic duct, 50
The thoracic sympathetic trunk, 52
On the examination of a chest radiograph, 55
Radiographic appearance of the heart, 56
Part 2: The Abdomen and Pelvis
Surface anatomy and surface markings, 61
Vertebral levels, 61
Surface markings of individual viscera, 63
The fasciae and muscles of the abdominal wall, 64
Fasciae of the abdominal wall, 64
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, 65
The anatomy of abdominal incisions, 67
The inguinal canal, 70
Peritoneal cavity, 72
Intraperitoneal fossae, 75
The subphrenic spaces, 76
The gastrointestinal tract, 77
The stomach, 77
The duodenum, 82
Small intestine, 84
Large intestine, 85
The appendix, 86
The rectum, 88
Arterial supply of the intestine, 93
The portal system of veins, 94
Lymph drainage of the intestine, 95
The structure of the alimentary canal, 95
The development of the intestine and its congenital abnormalities, 97
The gastrointestinal adnexae: liver, gall-bladder and its ducts, pancreas and spleen, 100
The liver, 100
The biliary system, 105
The gall-bladder, 106
The pancreas, 108
The spleen, 111
The urinary tract, 112
The kidneys, 112
The ureter, 116
The embryology and congenital abnormalities of the kidney and ureter, 118
The bladder, 119
The urethra, 122
The male genital organs, 123
The prostate, 123
The scrotum, 126
Testis and epididymis, 126
Vas deferens (ductus deferens), 131
The seminal vesicles, 132
The bony and ligamentous pelvis, 132
The os innominatum, 132
The sacrum, 133
The coccyx, 134
The functions of the pelvis, 134
Joints and ligamentous connections of the pelvis, 134
Differences between the male and female pelvis, 135
Obstetrical pelvic measurements, 137
Variations of the pelvic shape, 138
The muscles of the pelvic fl oor and perineum, 140
The anterior (urogenital) perineum, 141
The posterior (anal) perineum, 143
The female genital organs, 145
The vulva, 145
The vagina, 145
The uterus, 147
The Fallopian tubes, 152
The ovary, 153
The endopelvic fascia and the pelvic ligaments, 154
Vaginal examination, 156
Embryology of the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, 157
The posterior abdominal wall, 158
The suprarenal glands, 160
Abdominal aorta, 160
Inferior vena cava, 163
Lumbar sympathetic chain, 163
Computed axial tomography, 165
Part 3: The Upper Limb
Surface anatomy and surface markings of the upper limb, 169
Bones and joints, 169
Muscles and tendons, 170
Vessels, 172
Nerves, 174
The bones and joints of the upper limb, 175
The scapula, 175
The clavicle, 175
The humerus, 177
viii Contents
The radius and ulna, 178
The bones of the hand, 180
The shoulder, 183
The elbow joints, 186
The wrist joint, 190
The joints of the hand, 191
Three important zones of the upper limb: the axilla, the cubital fossa and the carpal tunnel, 193
The axilla, 193
The cubital fossa, 194
The carpal tunnel, 195
The arteries of the upper limb, 196
The axillary artery, 196
The brachial artery, 196
The radial artery, 197
The ulnar artery, 197
The brachial plexus, 198
The segmental cutaneous supply of the upper limb, 200
The course and distribution of the principal nerves of the upper limb, 200
The axillary nerve, 200
The radial nerve, 201
Branches, 203
The musculocutaneous nerve, 203
The ulnar nerve, 203
The median nerve, 205
Compartments of the upper limb, 205
Compartments in the segments of the upper limb, 206
Compartment syndrome, 206
The female breast, 207
Structure, 207
Blood supply, 207
Lymphatic drainage, 207
Development, 210
The anatomy of upper limb deformities, 211
The spaces of the hand, 214
The superfi cial pulp space of the fi ngers, 214
The ulnar and radial bursae and the synovial tendon sheaths of the fi ngers, 215
Part 4: The Lower Limb
The surface anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb, 221
Bones and joints, 221
Bursae of the lower limb, 222
Mensuration in the lower limb, 222
Muscles and tendons, 225
Vessels, 227
Nerves, 228
The bones and joints of the lower limb, 231
The os innominatum, 231
The femur, 231
The patella, 236
The tibia, 236
The fi bula, 239
A note on growing ends and nutrient foramina in the long bones, 239
The bones of the foot, 240
The hip, 240
The knee joint, 245
The tibiofi bular joints, 248
The ankle, 248
The joints of the foot, 251
The arches of the foot, 251
The anatomy of walking, 253
Three important zones of the lower limb: the femoral triangle, adductor canal and popliteal fossa, 254
The femoral triangle, 254
The fascia lata, 255
The femoral sheath and femoral canal, 255
Femoral hernia, 256
The lymph nodes of the groin and the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb, 257
The adductor canal (of Hunter) or subsartorial canal, 258
The popliteal fossa, 259
The arteries of the lower limb, 261
Femoral artery, 261
Popliteal artery, 262
Posterior tibial artery, 263
Anterior tibial artery, 264
The veins of the lower limb, 264
The course and distribution of the principal nerves of the lower limb, 266
x Contents
The lumbar plexus, 267
The sacral plexus, 268
The sciatic nerve, 271
The tibial nerve, 272
The common peroneal (fi bular) nerve, 273
Segmental cutaneous supply of the lower limb, 274
Compartments of the lower limb, 274
Compartments in the segments of the lower limb, 274
Compartment syndrome, 276
Part 5: The Head and Neck
The surface anatomy of the neck, 279
The fascial compartments of the neck, 281
Tissue planes and fascial layers in the anterior part of neck, 281
The thyroid gland, 284
The parathyroid glands, 288
The palate, 290
The development of the face, lips and palate with special reference to their congenital deformities, 291
The tongue and fl oor of the mouth, 293
The tongue, 293
The fl oor of the mouth, 296
The pharynx, 298
The nasopharynx, 298
The oropharynx, 300
The palatine tonsils, 300
The laryngopharynx, 301
The mechanism of deglutition, 303
The larynx, 305
Blood supply, 308
Lymph drainage, 309
Nerve supply, 309
The salivary glands, 310
The parotid gland, 310
The submandibular gland, 313
The sublingual gland, 315
The major arteries of the head and neck, 315
The common carotid arteries, 315
The external carotid artery, 316
The internal carotid artery, 317
The subclavian arteries, 320
The veins of the head and neck, 322
The cerebral venous system, 322
The venous sinuses of the dura, 323
The internal jugular vein, 325
The subclavian vein, 326
The lymph nodes of the neck, 328
The cervical sympathetic trunk, 330
The branchial system and its derivatives, 332
Branchial cyst and fistula, 332
The surface anatomy and surface markings of the head, 334
The scalp, 335
The skull, 336
Floor of the cranial cavity, 339
Development, 340
The paranasal sinuses (accessory nasal sinuses), 342
The frontal sinuses, 342
The maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore), 343
The ethmoid sinuses, 345
The sphenoidal sinuses, 345
The mandible, 346
The temporomandibular joint, 347
The teeth, 348
The vertebral column, 349
The cervical vertebrae, 349
The thoracic vertebrae, 351
The lumbar vertebrae, 352
The sacrum, 352
The coccyx, 352
The intervertebral joints, 353
Part 6: The Nervous System
The brain, 359
The brainstem, 359
The medulla oblongata, 360
The pons, 360
The midbrain, 362
The cerebellum, 362
The diencephalon, 364
The hypothalamus, 364
The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri), 366
The thalamus, 367
The cerebral hemispheres, 368
The cerebral cortex, 368
The insula, 371
The connections of the cerebral cortex, 372
The basal ganglia, 372
The long ascending and descending pathways, 373
The membranes of the brain (the meninges), 379
The ventricular system and the cerebrospinal fl uid circulation, 380
The spinal cord, 384
Age differences, 384
Structure, 385
Descending tracts, 385
Ascending tracts, 386
The membranes of the cord (the meninges), 388
The cranial nerves, 391
The olfactory nerve (I), 391
The optic nerve (II) and the visual pathway, 392
The oculomotor nerve (III), 393
The trochlear nerve (IV), 396
The trigeminal nerves (V), 396
The abducent nerve (VI), 401
The facial nerve (VII), 403
The auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve (VIII), 405
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), 406
The vagus nerve (X), 406
The accessory nerve (XI), 408
The hypoglossal nerve (XII), 409
The special senses, 410
The nose, 410
The ear, 412
The eye and associated structures, 415
The autonomic nervous system, 421
The sympathetic system, 424
The sympathetic trunk, 424
The parasympathetic system, 428
Glossary of eponyms, 432
Index, 439
A companion website for this book is available at:
www.ellisclinicalanatomy.co.uk
