Title Details

1. Charles W. Stuber: Maize Geneticist and Pioneer of Marker-Assisted Selection 1
James B. Holland, Geoffrey I. Graham, J. Paul Murphy, and M. Lynn Senior

I. Biographical Sketch 2

II. Scientific Achievements 4

III. Leadership Before and After Retirement 9

IV. Awards and Honors 10

V. Impact on Breeding Paradigms in the Private Sector 11

VI. Impact on Students and Postdocs 12

Literature Cited 14

2. Plant Mutation Breeding: Current Progress and Future Assessment 23
Souleymane Bado, Brian P. Forster, Stephan Nielen, Abdelbagi M. Ali, Pierre J.L. Lagoda, Bradley J. Till, and Margit Laimer

I. Introduction 26

II. Causes and Effects of Mutations 28

III. Types of Mutation 31

IV. Mutation Nomenclature 34

V. Mutation Induction 36

VI. Mutant Population Development and Handling of Mutagenic Populations 47

VII. Screening Mutagenic Populations for Desired Traits 48

VIII. Induced Mutation in Breeding Programs 51

IX. Enabling Biotechnologies 67

X. Intellectual Property Issues 72

XI. Limitations and Achievements 73

Acknowledgments 74

Literature Cited 74

3. Recent Advances in Sorghum Biofortification Research 89
A. Ashok Kumar, Kotla Anuradha, B. Ramaiah, Stefania Grando, H. Frederick, W. Rattunde, Parminder Virk, and Wolfgang H. Pfeiffer

I. Sorghum Biofortification and Its Importance 91

II. Grain Structure 92

III. Base Levels of Fe and Zn, Breeding Targets, and Phenotyping Techniques 94

IV. Enhancing Fe and Zn by Nutrient Management 98

V. Genetics and Breeding 100

VI. Product Development Pipeline 110

VII. TheWay Forward 117

Literature Cited 118

4. Breeding Tropical Vegetable Corns 125
James L. Brewbaker and Ian Martin

I. Tropical Versus Temperate Vegetable Corns 127

II. Genetics of Vegetable Corns 137

III. Breeding Populations and Hybrids 142

IV. Breeding Objectives 152

V. Production and Products 187

VI. Conclusions 191

Acknowledgments 193

Literature Cited 193

5. Maize Breeding in the United States: Views from Within Monsanto 199
David V. Butruille, Fufa H. Birru, Marv L. Boerboom, Edward J. Cargill, Duane A. Davis, Prabhakar Dhungana, Gerald M. Dill Jr., Fenggao Dong, Agustin E. Fonseca, Brian W. Gardunia, Gregory J. Holland, Nan Hong, Paul Linnen, Thomas E. Nickson, Nalini Polavarapu, Jerald K. Pataky, Jon Popi, and Steve B. Stark

I. Introduction 202

II. Breeding Objectives and the Genetic Gain Equation 203

III. People and Careers 205

IV. Safety, Rules, and Protocols 209

V. Intellectual Property 211

VI. Germplasm 216

VII. Diseases 224

VIII. Marker Technologies 229

IX. Traits 231

X. Doubled Haploids 233

XI. Automation 238

XII. Year-Round Nurseries 242

XIII. Yield Trials and Field Operations 243

XIV. Genotype by Environment by Management Interactions 248

XV. Information Technology and Predictive Modeling 254

XVI. Running a Modern Breeding Program 261

XVII. Final Considerations 268

Disclosure Statement 270

Acknowledgments 271

Literature Cited 271

6. The History, Development, and Importance of the New Mexican Pod-Type Chile Pepper to the United States and World Food Industry 283
Paul W. Bosland

I. Introduction 285

II. Origin of the New Mexican Pod Type 290

III. Uses of the New Mexican Pod Type 295

IV. Red Chile and Paprika 299

V. Capsaicinoids (Heat) 302

VI. Breeding for Machine Innovations 307

VII. Breeding for Diseases & Pests in New Mexico 312

VIII. Biotechnology 314

IX. Future Directions 317

Literature Cited 318

7. Fruit Domestication in the Near East 325
Shahal Abbo, Avi Gopher, and Simcha Lev-Yadun

I. Introduction 327

II. Botany, Ecology, and Reproductive Biology 329

III. Geographic Origin, Agro-Ecological Adaptation, and Evolution Under Domestication 346

IV. Adoption of Domestication 353

V. Evolutionary Patterns Under Domestication 357

VI. The Role of Conscious and Unconscious Selection and Subsequent Evolution Under Domestication 362

VII. Fruit Trees as Part of the Socioeconomic System 363

VIII. Concluding Remarks 367

Acknowledgments 368

Literature Cited 369

8. The Geneva Apple Rootstock Breeding Program 379
Gennaro Fazio, Terence L. Robinson, and Herb S. Aldwinckle

I. History of Apple Rootstocks 382

II. Traits Relevant for the Selection of Improved Apple Rootstocks 383

III. General Approaches and Research Procedures for Breeding New Apple Rootstocks 399

IV. Future of Apple Rootstock Breeding 411

V. Conclusions 412

Literature Cited 413

Subject Index 425

Cumulative Subject Index 427

Cumulative Contributor Index 453