Title Details

List of Contributors XIX

Preface XXXI

Part I Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials 1

1 Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials 3
Pasquale Cavaliere

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Static Properties 5

1.3 Wear Properties 10

1.4 Fatigue Properties 11

1.5 Crack Behavior 12

1.6 Conclusions 14

References 15

2 Superior Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Light Metallic Materials and Their Innovation Potential 17
Maxim Murashkin, Ilchat Sabirov, Nariman Enikeev, and Ruslan Valiev

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Nanostructuring of Light Metallic Materials Using SPD Methods 19

2.3 Superior Mechanical Strength of NS Light Metals and Alloys 20

2.4 Fatigue Behavior of NS Light Metals 24

2.5 Innovation Potential and Application of the NS Light Metals and Alloys 26

2.6 Conclusions 29

Acknowledgments 29

References 29

3 Understanding the Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Bainite 35
Carlos Garcia-Mateo and Francisca G. Caballero

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 NANOBAIN: Significant Extension of the Bainite Transformation Theory 35

3.3 Microstructural Characterization of Nanostructured Bainitic Steels 46

3.4 Understanding the Advanced Bainitic Steel Mechanical Properties 50

3.5 Summary 58

Acknowledgments 58

References 59

4 Inherent Strength of Nano-Polycrystalline Materials 67
Tatjana I. Mazilova, Igor M. Mikhailovskij, and Evgenij V. Sadanov

4.1 Introduction 67

4.2 High-field Tensile Testing 69

4.3 Tensile Strength of Nanosized Monocrystals 70

4.4 Inherent Strength of Bicrystals 74

4.5 Conclusions 77

References 78

5 State-of-the-Art Optical Microscopy and AFM-Based Property Measurement of Nanostructure Materials 81
Yangjie Wei, Chengdong Wu, and Zaili Dong

5.1 Introduction 81

5.2 Applications of Optical Microscopy and AFM 87

5.3 New Developments of Optical Microscopy and AFM Techniques 94

5.4 Conclusion 110

References 111

6 Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Bulk Nanostructured Cu and Cu-Based Alloys Produced by SPD 115
Wei Wei, Kun XiaWei, Qing Bo Du, Fanil F. Musin, Jing Hu, and Igor V. Alexandrov

6.1 Introduction 115

6.2 Microstructure and Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Bulk Nanostructured Cu Produced by SPD 117

6.3 Bulk Nanostructured Precipitation-Hardenable Cu–Cr Alloys from SPD 121

6.4 Bulk Nanostructured Cu–Cr In Situ Fibrous Composites Produced by SPD 128

6.5 Perspectives for Industrial Applications of SPD to Produce Bulk Nanostructured Cu and Cu-Based Alloys with High Strength and High Electrical Conductivity 136

6.6 Conclusion 137

Acknowledgements 138

References 138

7 Mechanical Properties and Dislocation Boundary Mechanisms during Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) 143
Marcello Cabibbo

7.1 Introduction 143

7.2 Strength Contributions to Yield Stress 148

7.3 Model Validation: Case Study 151

7.4 General Remarks and Prospects 159

References 160

8 Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticles: Characterization by In situ Nanoindentation Inside a Transmission Electron Microscope 163
Lucile Joly-Pottuz, Emilie Calvie, Julien Rethorìe, Sylvain Meille, Claude Esnouf, Jerome Chevalier, and Karine Masenelli-Varlot

8.1 Introduction 163

8.2 In situ TEM Nanoindentation Developments 164

8.3 Examples of In situ Nanoindentation Tests on Nanoparticles 169

8.4 Data Processing 170

8.5 Interest of Simulation on the Data Processing 174

8.6 Conclusion 177

References 178

9 Improved Mechanical Properties by Nanostructuring – Specific Considerations under Dynamic Load Conditions 181
Anne Jung, Stefan Diebels, and Erhardt Lach

9.1 Introduction 181

9.2 General Considerations for Nanostructured Bulk Materials 182

9.3 Nanoparticle-Strengthened Nanometal–Matrix Composites 190

9.4 Improved Mechanical Properties by Nanostructured Coatings 200

9.5 Conclusion 206

References 206

10 Mechanical Properties of Bio-Nanostructured Materials 211
Parvez Alam

10.1 Introduction 211

10.2 Types of Nanostructured Composites 212

10.3 Surface Effects 212

10.4 Biopolymer Nanocrystals and the Benefits of Hydrogen Bonding 215

10.5 Nanointerlocking Mechanisms 218

10.6 Methods for Determining the Nanomechanical Properties of Materials 223

10.7 Conclusions 230

References 231

Part II Mechanical Nanostructuring Methods 235

11 SPD Processes – Methods for Mechanical Nanostructuring 237
Radim Kocich and Pavel Lukaìc

11.1 Introduction 237

11.2 Classification of SPD Methods 238

11.3 HPT (High-Pressure Torsion) 240

11.4 ECAP (Equal-Channel Angular Pressing) 241

11.5 Development of the ECAP Technique 243

11.6 HPT Development 247

11.7 ECAP Development 248

11.8 FEM Simulation of SPD Processes 250

11.9 Materials for SPD Techniques 252

11.10 Conclusion 257

Acknowledgments 258

References 258

12 Mechanical Alloying/Milling 263
Fatma Hadef and Amara Otmani

12.1 Introduction 263

12.2 History and Development 264

12.3 Milling Process 265

12.4 Mechanism of Mechanical Alloying/Milling 265

12.5 Process Variables 268

12.6 Summary 274

References 274

13 Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) 277
Balasubramanian Ravisankar

13.1 Introduction 277

13.2 Die Design and Modifications 278

13.3 Influence of External and Internal Parameters 282

13.4 ECAP of Aluminum and Its Alloys 284

13.5 ECAP of Copper 287

13.6 ECAP of Titanium 290

13.7 ECAP of Magnesium and Steels 293

13.8 ECAP for Consolidation of Powders 294

13.9 Suitability for Large-Scale Production 295

13.10 Summary 295

References 296

14 Severe Shot Peening to Obtain Nanostructured Surfaces: Process and Properties of the Treated Surfaces 299
Sara Bagherifard, Ines Fernandez-Pariente, Ramin Ghelichi, and Mario Guagliano

14.1 Introduction 299

14.2 Surface Characterization of Materials Treated by Severe Shot Peening 304

14.3 Mechanical Properties of Materials Treated by Severe Shot Peening 311

14.4 Potential Biomedical Applications of SSP 316

14.5 Conclusions 319

References 320

15 Nanocrystallization by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment 325
Hamidreza Bagheri, Morteza Gheytani, Hamidreza Masiha, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, and Alireza Sabour Rouhaghdam

15.1 Introduction 325

15.2 Classification of Nanocrystalline Materials 326

15.3 Techniques for Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Materials 328

15.4 Surface Nanocrystallization Mechanisms 343

15.5 Conclusions 370

References 370

16 Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials by Mechanical Milling 379
Debasis Chaira and Swapan Kumar Karak

16.1 Introduction 379

16.2 Preamble 380

16.3 Historical Background of Mechanical Alloying 380

16.4 Reaction Milling/Mechanochemical Process 382

16.5 Formation Mechanism of Nanostructures by Milling 383

16.6 Milling Equipment 386

16.7 Processing Variables in Milling 390

16.8 Wet versus Dry Milling 395

16.9 Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials by Milling 397

16.10 Scope and Mechanism of Nanostructured Materials Synthesized by Milling 400

16.11 Densification of Nanocrystalline Powders 401

16.12 Defects in Mechanically Alloyed Powders 409

16.13 Conclusions 411

Acknowledgments 411

References 412

Contents to Volume 2

List of Contributors XV

Preface XXVII

17 Ultrasonic Impact Treatment – An Effective Method for Nanostructuring the Surface Layers in Metallic Materials 417
Bohdan N. Mordyuk and Georgiy I. Prokopenko

18 Metal Nanostructuring through Cryodeformation under All-Round Compression 435
Pavel A. Khaimovich

19 Application of Milling in Synthesizing Nanostructured Metal Matrix Composite Powder 449
Mohammad R. Allazadeh and Csaba Balazsi

20 Synthesis and Properties of Nanostructured Powders by Milling Process 471
Sonia Azzaza and Mohamed Bououdina

21 Nanostructures fromReactive High-Energy Ball Milling 493
Brian S. Mitchell

Part III: Application and Development of Mechanical Nanostructuring 511

22 The Mechanochemical Route to Nanoscale 513
Francesco Delogu and Carlo Ricci

23 Cavitation Disintegration of Powder Microparticles 533
Richard Dvorsky and Jana Trojkova

24 Unique Properties of Metal Nanomaterials for Gems and Jewelry Applications 551
Prompong Pienpinijtham and Pimthong Thongnopkun

25 Hybrid Processing of Electroceramic Composites Involving High-Energy Ball Milling 577
Hongfang Zhang, Ling Bing Kong, Helen L.-W. Chan, Chee-Leung Mak, Xi Yao, Yu Wang, and ZhiGang Chen

26 Development and Application of Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique for Grain Refinement of Nanocrystalline Materials 613
Sanusi K. Oladele and Afolabi A. Samuel

27 Polar Oxide Nanopowders Prepared by Mechanical Treatments 641
Jurij Koruza, Tadej Rojac, and Barbara Malic

28 High-Energy Ball Milling as a General Tool for Nanomaterials Synthesis and Processing 663
Marzia Pentimalli, Mariangela Bellusci, and Franco Padella

29 Consolidation of Mechanically Alloyed Products/Powders 681
Debdas Roy

30 Surface Nanostructuring through a Technique Derived from Shot-Peening: Recent Advances 701
Constance Morel and Mario Guagliano

31 Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices 717
Dandan Zhao and Hulin Li

Index 735