Title Details

Norman Begg is Chief Medical Officer, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Wavre, Belgium

Iain Blair is Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University

Ralf Reintjes is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health Surveillance, Hamburg, Germany; Adjunct Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Tampere, Finland

Julius Weinberg is Vice Chancellor, Kingston University, London, UK

Professor Karl Ekdahl is Head of Public Health Capacity and Communication Unit, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden

Foreword, ix

Abbreviations, xi

Section 1: Introduction

1.1 How to use this book, 3

1.2 Basic concepts in the epidemiology and control of infectious disease, 5

1.3 Health protection on-call, 11

Section 2: Common topics

2.1 Meningitis and meningism, 19

2.2 Gastrointestinal infection, 22

2.3 Community-acquired pneumonia, 29

2.4 Rash in pregnancy, 33

2.5 Rash and fever in children, 35

2.6 Illness in returning travellers, 38

2.7 Sexually transmitted infections, 40

2.8 Jaundice, 44

2.9 Infection in the immunocompromised, 45

2.10 Blood-borne viral infections, 47

2.11 Vaccine queries, 52

2.12 Individual measures against infections, 54

Section 3: Diseases

3.1 Amoebic dysentery, 61

3.2 Anthrax, 62

3.3 Bacillus cereus, 65

3.4 Botulism, 67

3.5 Brucellosis, 71

3.6 Burkholderia, 73

3.7 Campylobacter, 74

3.8 Chickenpox and shingles (varicella-zoster infections), 78

3.9 Chikungunya, 80

3.10 Chlamydophila pneumoniae, 81

3.11 Chlamydophila psittaci, 83

3.12 Chlamydia trachomatis (genital), 85

3.13 Cholera, 87

3.14 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, 89

3.15 Clostridium difficile, 91

3.16 Clostridium perfringens, 93

3.17 Coxsackievirus infections, 96

3.18 Cryptosporidiosis, 97

3.19 Cyclosporiasis, 102

3.20 Cytomegalovirus, 103

3.21 Dengue fever, 104

3.22 Diphtheria, 105

3.23 Encephalitis, acute, 108

3.24 Enterococci, including glycopeptide-resistant enterococci, 108

3.25 Epstein–Barr virus, 110

3.26 Escherichia coli O157 (and other E. coli gastroenteritis), 111

3.27 Giardiasis, 117

3.28 Gonorrhoea, syphilis and other acute STIs, 119

3.29 Hantavirus, 122

3.30 Head lice, 123

3.31 Helicobacter pylori, 125

3.32 Hepatitis A, 126

3.33 Hepatitis B, 129

3.34 Hepatitis C, 133

3.35 Delta hepatitis, 136

3.36 Hepatitis E, 136

3.37 Herpes simplex, 137

3.38 Haemophilus influenza type b, 138

3.39 HIV, 140

3.40 Influenza, 147

3.41 Japanese B encephalitis, 151

3.42 Kawasaki disease, 151

3.43 Legionellosis, 153

3.44 Leprosy, 156

3.45 Leptospirosis, 157

3.46 Listeria, 158

3.47 Lyme disease, 161

3.48 Malaria, 162

3.49 Measles, 164

3.50 Meningococcal infection, 167

3.51 Molluscum contagiosum, 171

3.52 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 172

3.53 Mumps, 176

3.54 Mycoplasma, 177

3.55 Norovirus, 179

3.56 Paratyphoid fever, 182

3.57 Parvovirus B19 (fifth disease), 185

3.58 Plague, 186

3.59 Pneumococcal infection, 188

3.60 Poliomyelitis, 191

3.61 Q fever, 192

3.62 Rabies, 195

3.63 Relapsing fever, 196

3.64 Respiratory syncytial virus, 197

3.65 Ringworm, 199

3.66 Rotavirus, 202

3.67 Rubella, 204

3.68 Salmonellosis, 205

3.69 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 210

3.70 Scabies, 213

3.71 Shigella, 215

3.72 Smallpox, 218

3.73 Staphylococcal food poisoning, 221

3.74 Streptococcal infections, 222

3.75 Tetanus, 224

3.76 Threadworms, 225

3.77 Tick-borne encephalitis, 226

3.78 Toxocara, 227

3.79 Toxoplasmosis, 227

3.80 Tuberculosis, 229

3.81 Tularaemia, 238

3.82 Typhoid fever, 239

3.83 Typhus, other Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Bartonella, 241

3.84 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 245

3.85 Viral haemorrhagic fevers, 246

3.86 Warts and verrucae, 251

3.87 West Nile virus, 252

3.88 Whooping cough, 253

3.89 Yellow fever, 255

3.90 Yersiniosis, 257

3.91 Other organisms, 259

3.91.1 Helminths, 259

3.91.2 Other protozoal diseases, 270

3.91.3 Fungi and actinomycetes, 272

3.91.4 Rare viruses, 272

3.91.5 Bites, stings and venoms, 272

3.91.6 Chemical food-borne illness, 281

Section 4: Services and organisations

4.1 Surveillance of communicable disease, 285

4.2 Managing infectious disease incidents and outbreaks , 291

4.3 Infection prevention and control in the community, 298

4.4 Healthcare-associated infection, 304

4.5 Antimicrobial resistance, 310

4.6 Risks to and from healthcare workers, 312

4.7 Co-ordination of immunisation services, 317

4.8 Services for sexual health and HIV infection, 321

4.9 Services for tuberculosis control, 322

4.10 Travel health, 324

4.11 Pandemic preparedness and the influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic, 328

4.12 Non-infectious environmental hazards, 331

4.13 Managing acute chemical incidents, 336

4.14 Managing acute radiation incidents, 339

4.15 Deliberate release of biological, chemical or radiological agents, 342

4.16 Media relations and crisis communication, 352

4.17 Clinical governance and audit, 353

4.18 Global health, 356

Section 5: Communicable disease control in Europe

5.1 WHO and International Health Regulations, 363

5.2 Collaboration within the European Union, 365

5.3 Detailed national example: organisational arrangements for health protection, England, 2010, 367

5.4 Austria, 372

5.5 Belgium, 373

5.6 Bulgaria, 374

5.7 Cyprus, 376

5.8 Czech Republic, 378

5.9 Denmark, 379

5.10 Estonia, 380

5.11 Finland, 382

5.12 France, 383

5.13 Germany, 385

5.14 Greece, 386

5.15 Hungary, 388

5.16 Iceland, 389

5.17 Ireland, 390

5.18 Italy, 391

5.19 Latvia, 393

5.20 Lithuania, 394

5.21 Luxembourg, 396

5.22 Malta, 397

5.23 The Netherlands, 398

5.24 Norway, 400

5.25 Poland, 402

5.26 Portugal, 404

5.27 Romania, 406

5.28 Slovakia, 407

5.29 Slovenia, 409

5.30 Spain, 411

5.31 Sweden, 413

5.32 Switzerland, 414

5.33 United Kingdom, 416

Appendices

1 Useful addresses and telephone numbers, 421

2 Guidance documents and books, 422

Index, 427