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More About This Title Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivityin Electrical Engineering
English
Superconducting technology is potentially important as one of the future smart grid technologies. It is a combination of superconductor materials, electrical engineering, cryogenic insulation, cryogenics and cryostats. There has been no specific book fully describing this branch of science and technology in electrical engineering. However, this book includes these areas, and is essential for those majoring in applied superconductivity in electrical engineering.
Recently, superconducting technology has made great progress. Many universities and companies are involved in applied superconductivity with the support of government. Over the next five years, departments of electrical engineering in universities and companies will become more involved in this area. This book:
• will enable people to directly carry out research on applied superconductivity in electrical engineering
• is more comprehensive and practical when compared to other advances
• presents a clear introduction to the application of superconductor in electrical engineering and related fundamental technologies
• arms readers with the technological aspects of superconductivity required to produce a machine
• covers power supplying technologies in superconducting electric apparatus
• is well organized and adaptable for students, lecturers, researchers and engineers
• lecture slides suitable for lecturers available on the Wiley Companion Website
Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering is ideal for academic researchers, graduates and undergraduate students in electrical engineering. It is also an excellent reference work for superconducting device researchers and engineers.
English
Yinshun Wang, North China Electric Power University, China
English
Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations and Symbols xvii
1 Introduction 1
References 3
2 Superconductivity 5
2.1 The Basic Properties of Superconductors 5
2.2 Critical Parameters 17
2.3 Classification and Magnetization 19
2.4 Measurement Technologies of Critical Parameters 27
References 43
3 Mechanical Properties and Anisotropy of Superconducting Materials 45
3.1 Mechanical Properties 45
3.2 Electromagnetic Anisotropy 48
3.3 Critical Current Characteristics of LTS Materials 57
3.4 Irreversible Fields of Superconducting Materials 60
3.5 Critical Temperature of Several Kinds of HTS Materials 61
3.6 Thermodynamic Properties of Practical Superconducting Materials 62
References 67
4 Stability of Superconductors 71
4.1 Critical States 72
4.2 Adiabatic Stabilization 72
4.3 Adiabatic Stability with Flux Jump 75
4.4 Self-Field Stability 79
4.5 Dynamic Stability 82
4.6 Cryostability 95
4.7 NPZ Velocity in Adiabatic Composite Superconductors 105
4.8 Stability of HTS Bulks 109
4.9 Mechanical Stability of Superconducting Magnets 112
4.10 Degradation and Training Effect of Superconducting Magnets 113
4.11 Quench and Protection of Superconducting Magnets 114
4.12 Tests of Stability 135
References 139
5 AC Losses 141
5.1 AC Losses of Slab 142
5.2 AC Losses of Concentric Cylinder 156
5.3 AC Losses of Hybrid Concentric Cylinder 165
5.4 AC Losses of Concentric Hollow Cylinder in Longitudinal Field 167
5.5 AC Losses for Large Transverse Rotating Field 167
5.6 AC Losses with Different Phases between AC Field and AC Current 168
5.7 AC Losses for other Waves of AC Excitation Fields 175
5.8 AC Losses for other Critical State Models 177
5.9 Other AC Losses 182
5.10 Measurements of AC Loss 194
5.11 AC Losses Introduction of Superconducting Electrical Apparatus 204
References 206
6 Brief Introduction to Fabricating Technologies of Practical Superconducting Materials 209
6.1 NbTi Wire 211
6.2 Nb3Sn Wire 213
6.3 Nb3Al Wire 215
6.4 MgB2 Wire 216
6.5 BSCCO Tape/Wire 216
6.6 YBCO Tape 221
6.7 HTS Bulk 223
References 226
7 Principles and Methods for Contact-Free Measurements of HTS Critical Current and n Values 229
7.1 Measurement Introduction of Critical Current and n Values 229
7.2 Critical Current Measurements of HTS Tape by Contact-Free Methods 230
7.3 n Value Measurements of HTS Tape by Contact-Free Methods 235
7.4 Analysis on Uniformity of Critical Current and n Values in Practical Long HTS Tape 238
7.5 Next Measurements of Critical Currents and n Values by Contact-Free Methods 240
References 240
8 Cryogenic Insulating Materials and Performances 243
8.1 Insulating Properties of Cryogenic Gas 243
8.2 Insulating Characteristics of Cryogenic Liquid 248
8.3 Insulating Properties of Organic Insulating Films 256
8.4 Cryogenic Insulating Paints and Cryogenic Adhesive 269
8.5 Structural Materials for Cryogenic Insulation 271
8.6 Inorganic Insulating Materials 273
References 278
9 Refrigeration and Cryostats 279
9.1 Cryogens 280
9.2 Cryostat 281
9.3 Refrigeration 310
9.4 Cooling Technologies of Superconducting Electric Apparatus 317
References 323
10 Power Supplying Technology in Superconducting Electrical Apparatus 325
10.1 Current Leads 326
10.2 Superconducting Switch 352
10.3 Flux Pump 357
References 361
11 Basic Structure and Principle of Superconducting Apparatus in Power System 363
11.1 Cable 363
11.2 Fault Current Limiter 366
11.3 Transformer 374
11.4 Rotating Machine-Generator/Motor 376
11.5 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) 379
11.6 Superconducting Flywheel Energy Storage (SFES) 382
11.7 Other Industrial Applications 384
References 387
12 Case Study of Superconductivity Applications in Power System-HTS Cable 389
12.1 Design of AC/CD HTS Cable Conductor 389
12.2 Electromagnetic Design of AC/CD Cable Conductor 395
12.3 Analysis on AC Losses of DC HTS Cable 399
12.4 Design of AC WD HTS Cable Conductor 404
12.5 Design of DC HTS Cable Conductor 405
12.6 Design of Cryostat 408
12.7 Manufacture of CD HTS Cable Conductor 410
12.8 Bending of HTS Cable 412
12.9 Termination and Joint 412
12.10 Circulating Cooling System and Monitoring System 415
References 419
Appendix 421
A.1 Calculations of Volumetric Heat Capacity, Thermal Conductivity and Resistivity of Composite Conductor 421
A.2 Eddy Current Loss of Practical HTS Coated Conductor (YBCO CC) 422
A.3 Calculation of Geometrical Factor G 425
A.4 Derivation of Self and Mutual Inductances of CD Cable 426
A.5 Other Models for Hysteresis Loss Calculations of HTS Cable 429
A.6 Cooling Arrangements 430
References 438
Index 439
